我國消防組織變革過程之研究

Abstract

本研究以菁英理論作為研究途徑，觀察1949年國民政府遷台迄今57年來消防組織的變革過程。 本研究採用文獻探討，比較研究、參與觀察、深度訪談等研究方法；在整個探討裡，發現在57年的消防組織變革係循漸進式的方式，分五個階段變革，且變革的過程裡，菁英主導了消防組織變革。 目前我國消防組織的困境乃跨域承接了災害防救工作，以及其他部會執行有困難之主管事項如能源管理、緊急通訊整合建置案等。因此，未來消防組織的變革方向，宜回歸本務，精進消防三大任務；而將災害防救工作成立專責機構辦理，在中央政府設「災防部」，縣市政府設相當於副縣市長之「防災監」主政之。

This research investigated the development of the elite theory of the fire service organization of Taiwan over the 57 year period since the relocation of the KMT government to the island. The research methods used include literature review, comparative investigation, participatory observation and in-depth interviews. An analysis of the data collected revealed five stages in the transformation of the fire service and the domination of certain elites in this process during this 57 year period. At present the fire service is in a difficult position having taken charge of tasks related to disaster preparedness and response, some of which infringe on the responsibilities of other organizations in areas such as energy management and emergency communication conformity among others. Therefore it is suggested that the fire service organization should revert to its original role and concentrate on its three primary areas of responsibility. A dedicated, independent organization responsible for disaster preparedness and response should be established. This “Ministry of Disaster Management” would be controlled by central government with a “Director of Disaster Management” (equivalent in rank to a vice magistrate) and would oversee all local disaster management issues.