臺灣地區屠宰場豬隻沙門氏菌盛行率及抗藥性之調查

Abstract

在許多國家中，豬肉已經被認為是人類沙門氏菌症來源之一，沙門氏菌也被證實可於屠宰過程當中透過已被污染的環境、帶菌的豬隻或者是後續的屠宰程序所造成的交叉污染而污染了豬肉產品。本實驗的目的是要調查台灣地區屠宰場豬隻沙門氏菌盛行率及抗藥性之情形。於2003年10月至2005年6月期間，選擇了台灣地區18家屠宰場(20條屠宰線)，共經46次的實地採樣，每次採樣均針對屠體表面、結腸內容物及腸繫膜淋巴結各採20個樣品，進行沙門氏菌分離以及該菌株的抗藥性試驗。屠體表面之沙門氏菌可作為不同屠宰場屠宰操作以及該場環境衛生的一個指標。而結腸內容物及腸繫膜淋巴結之沙門氏菌可反映待宰豬隻於屠宰前帶菌的情形。結果發現屠體表面之沙門氏菌分離率為8.3%（76/920），結腸內容物之分離率為3.6%（33/920），腸繫膜淋巴結之分離率為2.0%（18/920）。於所分離到的127株沙門氏菌中，以S. Anatum（31.5%）和S. Derby（25.2%）所佔比例最高。而這2種血清型也是屠體表面、結腸內容物及腸繫膜淋巴結三種不同部位所分離到的沙門氏菌中最主要的血清型。 在抗藥性方面，抗tetracyclin者佔88.2%（112/127）, 抗gentamycin者佔82.7%（105/127） , 抗chloramphenicol者佔54.3%（69/127）, 抗amoxicillin者佔34.6%（44/127）, 抗nalidixic acid者佔30.7%（39/127）, 抗ampicillin者佔26.8%（34/127）, 抗kanamycin者佔18.1%（23/127）, 抗cephalothin者佔7.1%（9/127） , 抗nitrofurantoin者佔6.3%（8/127）, 對抗ciprofloxacin者佔0.8%（1/127）。 在127株沙門氏菌中，有119株（93.7%）同時對2種或2種以上之抗生素產生抗藥性。

Pork has been described as one of the sources of human salmonellosis in many countries. This clearly demonstrated the spread of Salmonella occurred during the slaughtering process via contaminated environment, via carrier pigs and subsequent cross-contamination. The objective of this survey was to estimate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella from pigs at slaughter in Taiwan. A total of eighteen different commercial slaughterhouses （twenty slaughter lines） were sampled during forty six visits from Oct. 2003 to June 2005. Carcass surface swabs were taken to evaluate the handling and sanitary practices in different slaughterhouses. Colon contents and mesenteric lymph nodes were taken to reflect the carrier status antemortem. Salmonella was isolated from 8.3% (76 of 920 samples), 3.6% (33 of 920 samples), and 2.0% (18 of 920 samples) of the carcass samples, colon contents and mesenteric lymph nodes, respectively. Among 127 Salmonella strains, the most prevalent serotypes were S. Anatum（31.5%） and S. Derby（25.2%）. These two serotypes, S. Anatum and S. Derby, also were predominately isolated from carcass surface swabs, colon contents and mesenteric lymph nodes. The rates of resistance to the following drugs were observed: tetracyclin(88.2%), gentamycin(82.7%), chloramphenicol(54.3%), amoxicillin(34.6%), nalidixic acid(30.7%), ampicillin(26.8%), kanamycin(18.1%), cephalothin(7.1%), nitrofurantoin(6.3%), ciprofloxacin(0.8%). Among 127 Salmonella strains, 119 strains（93.7%）were resistant to 2 or more antibiotics.