請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件：
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/32301完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 李芝珊 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Tzu-Yi Huang | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 黃紫羿 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T03:41:36Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2006-08-11 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2006-08-11 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2006 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2006-07-26 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | 第一部份
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/32301 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 第一部分 應用螢光染色法監測室內生物氣膠研究
本研究應用螢光顯微鏡配合螢光染色法（EFM/FL），以4種不同染劑（AO、DAPI、PI和YOPRO-1）和傳統培養方法，評估台北地區居家環境室內與室外生物氣膠之總濃度、活性（viability）及可培養性（culturability），同時針對螢光顯微鏡配合螢光染色法和傳統培養方法進行比較。 利用AO和DAPI評估室內微生物總濃度分別介於1.38×106 ~ 4.48×106 cells/m3和7.84×105 ~ 2.75×106 cells/m3，而以傳統培養方法評估室內細菌及真菌濃度分別介於155~1904 CFU/m3和154~1827 CFU/m3。在微生物活性方面，利用PI和YOPRO-1評估的活性範圍分別介於0.63~0.92和0.19~0.72；而以傳統培養方法評估的活性範圍介於0.0002~0.0015。 本研究結果顯示利用螢光顯微鏡配合螢光染色法所測得之室內微生物總濃度約高於傳統培養方法所測得之室內微生物總濃度630~5200倍，另外，在微生物活性方面，螢光顯微鏡配合螢光染色法所測得之活性也顯著高於傳統培養方法所測得之活性。由此可知，利用傳統培養方法會低估室內微生物總濃度及活性，因此，為了降低潛在的健康風險，螢光顯微鏡配合螢光染色法可以有效率地應用於評估室內生物氣膠之總濃度和活性以提供更明確及具代表性的資訊。 第二部分 油品成分對機車排放之氣懸微粒毒性影響研究 空氣污染物的排放來源除了工廠以外，最重要的來源就是移動性污染源。在移動性污染源中，目前在台灣最重要且最普及的是機車。機車的排氣污染會受到油品成份（如氧含量、硫含量、芳香烴和苯含量）和引擎運轉狀態（如轉速和負載）的影響，在機車所排放的廢氣中，含有許多具有致突變性和致癌性之有機微粒(例如:多環芳香烴化合物)，會經由肺部進入人體而對人體造成危害。有鑑於此，對於機車所排放之微粒，實有必要進行致突變性測試，以初步瞭解其對人體可能產生之健康風險。 本研究已成功建立致突變性分析之採樣系統，主要利用動力計模擬處於運轉狀態之四行程機車引擎，以石英濾紙進行總氣懸微粒樣本的收集。在沙門氏菌回復突變測試法(Ames test)方面，選用兩種標準之沙門氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium TA98 和TA100)評估有機萃取物的致突變性。除此之外，本研究也探討不同油品成分和不同的引擎運轉狀態，對機車排放總氣懸微粒有機萃取物致突變性之影響。 本研究選用十六種測試油品進行採樣毒性分析，結果發現，在TA98中，使用十六種測試油品時，機車引擎排放總氣懸微粒有機萃取物的直接及間接回復突變數分別介於69,220~ 390,200 revertants/m3 和73,713 ~ 414,733 revertants/m3 之間；在TA100中，有機萃取物的直接及間接回復突變數分別介於69,220 ~ 234,733 revertants/m3 和69,140 ~ 353,925 revertants/m3 之間。本研究結果發現添加S9活化酵素之後，總氣懸微粒有機萃取物之回復突變數顯著高於未添加S9之回復突變數。引擎於惰轉時，TA98添加S9的情況下，總氣懸微粒之有機萃取物致突變性與油品成分中的氧含量、硫含量、芳香烴含量及苯含量有顯著相關。引擎於運轉狀態中，TA98添加S9的情況下，總氣懸微粒之有機萃取物致突變性與油品成分中的氧含量、硫含量、芳香烴含量及苯含量有顯著相關。 | zh_TW |
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| dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一部份 目錄
摘要…… I Abstract… II 第一章 前言 1 1.1 研究緣起 1 1.2 研究目的 2 第二章 文獻回顧 3 2.1 生物氣膠採樣方法 3 2.2 生物氣膠定量分析方法 4 2.2.1培養方法 4 2.2.2非培養方法 4 2.3 以螢光顯微鏡配合螢光染色法評估生物氣膠之研究 6 第三章 材料與方法 8 3.1 實驗儀器與材料 8 3.1.1 實驗儀器 8 3.1.2實驗材料 8 3.2 實驗方法與步驟 9 3.2.1採樣方法 9 3.2.2定量方法 9 3.2.2.1培養方法……………………………………………………..9 3.2.2.2非培養方法…………………………………………………..9 3.3 統計分析 11 第四章 結果與討論 14 4.1居家環境特性 14 4.2室內外微生物定性分析 14 4.3室內外微生物定量分析 14 4.3.1總濃度之定量分析 14 4.3.2 活性與可培養性定量分析 15 4.4環境因子(溫度與相對溼度)和微生物特性之相關性……………………16 第五章 結論與建議 17 參考文獻 24 表目錄 表4-1十間居家環境室內外溫度與相對溼度 18 表4-2 以EFM配合AO、DAPI與培養方法評估10間居家環境之生物氣膠濃度以及室內外濃度比（I/O ratio） 20 表4-3 以EFM配合AO、DAPI、YOPRO-1及PI與培養方法評估10間居家環境之生物氣膠濃度…………………………………………………………………..21 表4-4 以EFM配合PI、YOPRO-1與培養方法評估10間居家環境生物氣膠活性與可培養性 22 表4-5 以EFM配合PI、YOPRO-1與培養方法評估10間居家環境生物氣膠活性與可培養之平均值與標準差………………………………………………………..23 圖目錄 圖3-1 採樣區域分佈圖………………………………………………………. …..12 圖3-2 過濾裝置……………………………………………………………………..13 圖4-1 空氣中微生物之總濃度AO(a)、DAPI(b)與非活性濃度PI(c)、YOPRI-1(d)於EFM視野染色圖…………………………………………………………………19 第二部份 目錄 摘要…… I Abstract… II 第一章 前言 1 1.1 研究緣起 1 1.2 研究目的 2 第二章 文獻回顧 3 2.1 機車氣懸微粒之排放特性 3 2.2 機車氣懸微粒之排放推估 4 2.3 突變測試法 5 2.4 大氣環境氣懸微粒致突變性研究 7 2.5 機車氣懸微粒致突變性研究 8 第三章 材料與方法 10 3.1 實驗材料 10 3.2 濾紙 12 3.3 機車引擎排氣採樣方法 12 3.4 萃取 15 3.5 沙門氏菌回復突變測試法 16 3.6 實驗品質管制 18 第四章 結果與討論 23 4.1 探討在不同變項(轉速與油品成分)下對每單位體積氣懸微粒之致突變性(revertants/m3)的影響 23 4.1.1 惰轉(1650 rpm)與運轉型態下(4830與5775 rpm)對機車排放總氣懸微粒之有機萃取物致突變性影響之比較……………………………..24 4.1.2 油品成分(氧、硫、芳香烴和苯含量)對機車排放總氣懸微粒致突變性影響之比較………………………………………………………….24 4.2 探討在不同變項(轉速與油品成分)下對每單位質量氣懸微粒之致突變性(revertants/μg)的影響 25 4.2.1 惰轉(1650 rpm)與運轉型態下(4830與5775 rpm)對機車排放總氣懸微粒之有機萃取物致突變性影響之比較……......................................26 4.2.2 油品成分(氧、硫、芳香烴和苯含量)對機車排放總氣懸微粒致突變性影響之比較…………………………………………………………..26 第五章 結論與建議 28 參考文獻 36 表目錄 表3-1 國內外汽油管制標準之比較 14 表3-2 油品成分參數組合 15 表3-3 引擎實驗參數………………………………………………………………..15 表3-4 採樣再現性評估結果………………………………………………………..19 表4-1 機車在不同轉速下產生的氣懸微粒質量濃度(mg/m3) 30 表4-2 四行程機車引擎使用十六種測試油品分別在不同轉速下所排放總懸浮微粒之致突變性結果 (revertants/m3) 31 表4-3 四行程機車引擎使用十六種測試油品分別在不同轉速下所排放總懸浮微粒之致突變性結果 (revertants/μg) 32 表4-4 十六種油品之各項成分實際含量 33 表4-5 十六種油品之校正後各項成分含量 33 表4-6 油品成分與惰轉時產生之總懸浮微粒有機萃取物致突變性相關性分析 34 表4-7 油品成分與運轉時產生之總懸浮微粒有機萃取物致突變性相關性分析 34 表4-8 油品成分與惰轉時產生之總懸浮微粒有機萃取物致突變性相關性分析 35 表4-9 油品成分與運轉時產生之總懸浮微粒有機萃取物致突變性相關性分析 35 圖目錄 圖3-1 Ames test 實驗流程圖 20 圖3-2 機車引擎排氣動力計實驗系統設置現場實圖 21 圖3-3 引擎動力控制及量測系統-動力計控制器 22 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | 螢光染劑 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 生物氣膠 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 螢光顯微鏡 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | bioaerosols | en |
| dc.subject | fluorochrome | en |
| dc.subject | epifluorescence microscopy | en |
| dc.title | 應用螢光染色法監測室內生物氣膠研究
油品成分對機車排放之氣懸微粒毒性影響研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Fluorochrome in Monitoring Indoor Bioaerosols
Assessment of Gasoline Compositions on Mutagenicity of Motorcycle Particulate | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 94-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 宋鴻樟,張靜文,龍世俊 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 生物氣膠,螢光顯微鏡,螢光染劑, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | bioaerosols,epifluorescence microscopy,fluorochrome, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 40 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2006-07-26 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 公共衛生學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境衛生研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 環境衛生研究所 | |
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