臺灣漁業補貼制度分析與經濟政策調整之研究

Abstract

世界各國分別實施不同方式之漁業補貼以維持該國漁業部門之穩定發展。但隨著科技進步，漁業捕撈技術大幅升級，漁業資源的消耗速度卻比恢復過程還要迅速，造成漁業資源有枯竭之虞。海洋漁業資源原屬於具繁衍及再生能力的資源，若能合理的開發利用，確實可以長久且持續地提供人類豐富的食物，然而長期以來由於人類對海洋漁業資源缺乏正確認知，誤認為海洋漁業資源取之不盡、用之不竭，大規模濫捕的結果，終於導致今日漁業資源出現大幅萎縮的情況。而各國提供漁業補貼使漁撈生產成本降低，更加速過漁問題的惡化，漁業資源枯竭的情況已經到了必須正視的時刻，對於漁業補貼之適切性亦產生疑慮，紛紛對漁業補貼問題展開研究，進而初步達成應規劃削減漁業補貼之共識。 目前國際間對於漁業補貼之議題與看法紛紜，經過多方論辯後，有關漁業補貼議題認為應透過國際合作與規範，進一步推動相關改革措施。過去我國相關文獻在探討臺灣漁業補貼時，多就單一補貼項目及其金額作分析，或就既有預算科目作整理，但面臨國際削減漁業補貼之壓力，漁業補貼結構必須先依照國際共通分類架構，將我國漁業補貼加以重新彙整，以瞭解我國漁業補貼在國際範疇下之支出情況，以便在未來可與其他國家之漁業補貼比較與分析。 根據OECD漁業補貼之分類方式為基礎，分析我國歷年漁業補貼預算，發現在1992-2005年間我國漁業補貼預算平均每年約支出52.25億元新台幣，其中以漁船用油補貼支出比例最高，漁船用油補貼支出比例平均約占漁業補貼預算之42.11%。本研究利用經濟理論及計量方法進一步分析未來漁船用油補貼之削減或取消可能對漁業部門之影響，實證分析結果發現，漁船用油補貼變動對未滿20噸之沿近海漁船產值之影響最大；50-100噸者次之；20-50噸者最小。在模擬政府對漁船用油補貼政策作調整時，當政府全面削減漁船用油補貼時，對未滿20噸於沿近海作業漁船之產值影響最大；50-100噸漁船之影響次之；20-50噸漁船之影響最小。此外，漁船用油補貼制度採全面削減之情況下，沿近海漁業總產值將自170.89億元新台幣下降至109.38億元新台幣，下降幅度達35.99％。

關鍵字：漁業補貼、漁業政策、技術替代率

To maintain the development of their fishery sector, many countries enforce various subsidies to meet their domestic needs. Fishery resources are renewable resources, but people usually regard them as resources that will never run out and overfishing issues often occur. Moreover, the subsidies provided by government lower the production cost, which made the overfishing problems even worse. It is time to face the issue of fishery resources exhaustion, and fishery subsidies should be examined as well. Therefore, many experts and international institutes start to have researches on their fields. Although at present there are plenty of opinions toward the fishing subsidies, it is thought that the reform is necessary and should be made with international cooperation. The Taiwan’s fishery budget has been reclassified according to OECD standard. The average annual budget reached 5,225 million NTD during 1992-2005 periods, and the proportion of vessel fuel subsidy contributed to 42.11% of the whole fishery budget. Therefore, reducing or cancelling the vessel fuel subsidies in the future may affect the fishery sector significantly. According to the empirical analysis, it shows that the production values of offshore and coastal fishery value of boats below 20 tonnes will be the largest losers if we decrease the vessel fuel subsidy. The impact of vessel fuel subsidy reduction on the production value of boats between 20-50 tonnes is next to the boats below 20 tonnes. The influence on the boats between 50-100 tonnes is the smallest. The impacts of policy adjustments are also simulated in this research. Our findings suggest that if the government cancels the vessel fuel subsidy, the production value of offshore and coastal fishery will decrease from 17,089 million NTD to 10,938 million NTD, representing a 35.99% decrease from the headline. Key words: fishery subsidy, fishery policy, technical rate of substitution