折衷農法與有機農法對草苺生長之影響

Abstract

本試驗使用草苺 (Fragaria ananassa Duch) 為材料，比較折衷農法與有機農法對其果實品質、養分吸收及栽培土壤的影響。折衷農法即基肥施用雞糞，追肥施用臺肥43號複合肥料；有機農法有二處理，一為施用廚餘堆肥，二為施用豌豆苗殘體堆肥。 消費者評鑑結果顯示廚餘堆肥處理 (Comp1) 所得果實最受好評，雞糞化肥處理 (CF) 者居次，豌豆苗殘體堆肥 (Comp2) 處理者殿後。果品分析之果實糖度 (雞糞化肥處理為10.4 °Brix，廚餘堆肥處理為10.1 °Brix，豌豆苗殘體堆肥處理為10.1 °Brix) 和可滴定酸測值 (雞糞化肥處理為0.62%，廚餘堆肥處理為0.6%，豌豆苗殘體堆肥處理為0.69%) 與消費者評鑑中受試者感受的甜酸有十分相近的結果。 由葉片與果實元素分析結果發現，第一次採樣三處理間葉片氮濃度差異不大，但果實氮濃度以CF處理者最高，達18.9 mg g-1，Comp1及Comp2處理者則約為13.1, 13.6 mg g-1。磷濃度方面，CF處理的葉片及果實磷濃度為三處理中最高，而消費者評鑑出氣味最芳香的果實亦為CF處理者。 健康葉片與受蟲害葉片元素分析結果顯示，受紅蜘蛛蟲害葉片之磷濃度為1.85 mg g-1，顯著低於健康葉片 (2.83-3.18 mg g-1)。此外，在折衷農法栽培之果實及葉片元素分析結果中發現其錳及鋅濃度分別為廚餘堆肥及豌豆苗殘體堆肥處理者之5倍及2倍。 土壤的pH值及比導電度皆因施用有機肥料而提高。有機碳含量也因有機肥的施用而大幅提高，其中施用廚餘堆肥者之有機碳含量在2003年1月21日採樣時達到1.13%，為三處理中最高者。

To elucidate the effect between the intermediate farming method and the organic farming method, Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) was used as material to analyze and compare the difference in three aspects: the fruit quality, nutrient concentrations of plants, and selected soil chemical properties. The treatments are poultry litter plus chemical fertilizer (CF), table scraps compost (Comp1), and pea sprout waste compost (Comp2). A previous poll from consumers indicates that the fruits from the Comp1 treatment have the best quality and the highest evaluation. The value of the total sugar contents (CF is 10.4 °Brix, Comp1 is 10.1 °Brix, and Comp2 is 10.1 °Brix) and the total acidity (CF is 0.62%, Comp1 is 0.6%, and Comp2 is 0.69%) makes a good correlation with the consumers’ appreciation. From the results of the leaf and the fruit nutrients analysis, the nitrogen concentration in the leaf has no difference between three treatments, but in the fruit, it is higher in the CF treatment than the other two. The investigation of the phosphorous concentration also shows that in the CF treatment, both the leaf and the fruit contain the most phosphorous in all treatments. The fruits from the CF treatment also get the best score in aroma from the consumer test. In addition, the manganese concentration in the leaf and the fruit from the intermediate farming is five times than the other two treatments. And the zinc concentration in the leaf from the intermediate farming is the double of the other two treatments. On the other hand, the assay for the nutrients of the healthy leaf or the damaged leaf shows that the phosphorous concentration in the leaf suffering from spider mites is 1.85 mg g-1, and it is much lower than the concentration in the healthy leaf. Finally, the pH and the conductivity of the soil increased because of using the organic fertilizer. Organic carbon content of the soil also increased just like the pH and the conductivity, and the organic carbon content from Comp1 treatment is 1.13% (sampling time is 2003/01/21), and it is the highest of all treatments.