人體運動最佳化之探討

Abstract

現代人面臨著各種的壓力，尤其是某些需要長時間維持同一姿勢之特定工作，久而久之，容易導致不良習慣的產生。本研究探討亞歷山大運動技巧改善人體運動的方法，並且從工程的角度驗證其效果。 亞歷山大技巧的重點在於重新訓練人體用一種最自然且輕鬆的方式完成日常生活中的各種動作，使人體能夠減少不必要的負擔。本論文則從工程的角度來分析人體運動時各關節的作用力，證明良好的運動姿勢能夠減輕人體各部位的負擔，避免長期不當施力所造成的傷害。分別以三種動作 (坐到站的動作分析、舉手動作、行走步態) 來評估經由亞歷山大老師指導與一般人之運動軌跡其身體各關節之受力情況。然而單純進行視覺上的觀察，欠缺科學化之量化數據，因此利用運動分析儀器擷取人體運動資料，將得到的資料輸入電腦輔助軟體，模擬人體各種的運動軌跡。 最後吾人則利用控制最佳化法則找出人體運動時的各關節角度，同樣代入電腦輔助軟體來分析其關節之力與力矩，與前述之結果相比較並觀察其差異，結果顯示控制最佳化的運動路徑和亞歷山大技巧所建議的運動方式類似。本論文研究成果將可提供給復健治療領域，做為一可靠之參考指標。

Improper postures are easy to cause harm to the human body. The thesis investigates a special therapy called Alexander Techniques which suggests the body to follow a relaxing motion and aims to reduce the load of body movements, and verify its effects. From the viewpoint of engineering, this thesis analyses the forces and moments of joints to verify that the well movement can lighten the burden of every position of the body. Three kinds of postures, namely sit-to-stand、raising hand and gait analysis, are considered. In order to quantify the results of the experiment, a motion analysis system is utilized to collect data of body movements, which is then used in ADAMS models to calculate reaction forces/moments of joints. From the results, it is shown that the guided movement is better than the habitual movement in terms of the reaction forces and moments. Finally, an optimization method is applied to find theoretical optimal contour of body movement. It is illustrated that the theoretical optimal solution is close to that suggested by Alexander Techniques. The results of this study can be used as a reliable index for the rehabilitation.