2005國民黨與民進黨合作修憲之探討－從新制度論分析

Abstract

本文主要研究2005年第七次修憲之國內主要政黨合作與政黨競爭事件，此事件為較佳之觀察案例，它可瞭解長期以來對立之兩大政黨為何在修憲中彼此合作，也可觀察過去合作之泛藍或泛綠內部為何在修憲中採取對立立場。

筆者試圖以新制度論三個研究途徑，解釋及分析2005年第七次修憲之政黨合作現象，此三個途徑分別是歷史制度途徑、社會學制度途徑、理性選擇制度途徑。 筆者在運用文獻分析法及訪談法發現，第七次修憲成功主要有以下原因：國民黨及民進黨自1999年以來理念趨近，以及關鍵人物（林義雄）積極努力促成。然而，選民對於第七次修憲的議題是截然陌生，他們甚至不知道他們支持政黨的立場（贊成或反對修憲）。最後，在國會改革的民意壓力下，政黨理性遭受扭曲，國民黨及民進黨最後選擇贊成修憲。 這種情況，十分符合反智文化與民粹現象。為了要改善這些現象，筆者認為必須從關鍵人物的反智行為檢討開始，他應帶領民眾擺脫激情與情緒層面，往理性討論與建構知性的公民社會方向邁進。

The article focuses on the event of party cooperation and competition in 7th Constitution Reform in 2005, and it is a good case to study why KMT and DPP cooperate with each other while they opposed in the past. Moreover, the case could be studied why KMT, PFP and NP opposed while they cooperated in the past, as well as DPP and TU.

The writer tries to explain and analyze the phenomenon of party cooperation between KMT and DPP in the 7th Constitution Reform in 2005 with tree analytical concepts of new institutionalism-rational choice institutionalism, sociological institutionalism and historical institutionalism.

Methods applied to this study include literature review and interview. The major findings of the success of 7th Constitution Reform are as follows: the ideological convergence of KTM and DPP from 1999, and the endeavor of key person (Lin, I-Hsiung). However, voters are strangers to the issues of 7th Constitution Reform, they even don’t know the position (pros or cons) of the parties which they support. In the end, KMT and DPP’s rations are distorted and stand in the pros position because of public pressure, which voters hope to reform congress.

The condition is correspondent to ‘anti-intellectual’ culture and Populism. For improving it, the writer suggests the key person should be criticized, he should play the positive role and lead public from passion and sense to reasonable and intelligence.