『青鞜』時期之平塚雷鳥思想研究

Abstract

平塚雷鳥（Hiratsuka Raiteu, 1886-1971）為近代日本的女性解放運動先驅、和平主義者。明治44年9月，以雷鳥為首，中野初子（Nakano Hatsuko）、保持研子（Yasumochi Yoshiko）、木內錠子（Kiuchi Teiko）、物集和子（Mozume Kazuko）等人共同創辦了日本文學史上首部由女性主辦的文藝雜誌『青鞜』（Seito）。『青鞜』的發行奠定了雷鳥在日本女性解放運動史上的地位，但在雜誌創立之初，雷鳥似乎並未意識到此舉之重要性。深究雷鳥的思想可以發現，在她85歲的漫長生涯中，因為時代背景的變化和自身的戀愛、生育等生活經歷，其思想產生了許多改變。以『青鞜』時期為例，早期因修習禪學而體悟到的自我覺醒、中期因『青鞜』遭政府禁止發行、後期開始接觸瑞典女性思想家愛倫•凱（Ellen Key）的著作等，皆使雷鳥的思想產生重要轉變。本論文將以過去的研究文獻為基礎，探討雷鳥自明治末期至大正初期的思想生成及發展。

Based on past literature, the study on Hiratsuka Raicho (1886-1971) examines the formation and the development of her ideas from the late Meiji to the early Taisho era. A pioneering women’s liberation activist and a pacifist in modern Japan, she led Nakano Hatsuko, Yasumochi Yoshiko, Kiuchi Teiko, and Mozume Kazuko to found Seito (Bluestockings), the first literature magazine produced by women in Japanese history, in Sep 1911 (Meiji 44). The publication established her status in the history of Japanese women’s liberation movement, though at its launch, she was not aware of such an importance. In probing into Hiratsuka’s thoughts, the study has found many changes due to historical shifts and personal experiences, such as falling in love and giving birth, in her 85 years of life. Enlightenment attained through the practice of Zen in her early years, a government ban on Seito, and acquaintance with the works of Ellen Key—a Swedish feminist—all resulted in crucial turns in her ideas.