學校教育對學生職場表現與能力發展影響之研究： 以技職院校商學院專科部為對象

Abstract

本文旨在探究臺灣地區商學院專科畢業生的勞動市場表現，有別於大多數國外文獻偏重於學生職場表現，本研究將分析學生質性層面(知能與非知能方面)的成長。此外，本研究亦將探討勞動市場之無效率。為了達到上述目的，我們將利用2004年收集之臺灣地區商學院專科畢業生調查資料從事分析。實證估計將採用工資模式與學生發展價值模式，分別探討畢業生職場表現與學生多元能力發展表現，最後利用隨機薪資邊界法分析無效率因素。變數方面採用個人社經變數、學校受教經驗、學校品質與勞動市場經驗四大類解釋變數。 在畢業生職場表現中，家庭背景對畢業生表現有影響。學校受教經驗中以畢業成績與學歷影響較大。學校品質中以助理教授占講師以上比例對學生較有幫助。而勞動市場因素中工作經驗愈豐富，學生表現較好。關於學生多元能力發展部份，在校的受教經驗對學生質性層面的發展較有助益。勞動市場無效率部分，工作所在地、公司的大小與失業率則是造成無效率的原因。 由以上可知，家庭背景對於在衡量學生的表現時扮演著重要的角色，而學校品質的好壞將影響學生學習的環境。與學生密切相關的則是在學校的受教經驗，在求學的過程中，除了可以學到相關的專業能力，對學生質性層面發展有很大的幫助。踏入職場後，面對各種困難的挑戰，累積的工作經驗，將使學生的能力更上層樓。

This research attempts to investigate the college of business graduate performance in Taiwan. In addition to assessing the impact on graduate labor market performance on some previous international literature, we also analyzed the impacts on the student growth in some qualitative dimensions (cognitive skills and non-cognitive skills development). Furthermore, we analyzed the impacts on the labor market inefficiency. For the purpose, we use the data from a 2004 national survey to graduates of college of business in Taiwan. We used the regression analyze to assess the graduate labor market performance and personal development. Then, we used the stochastic wage frontier to measure the inefficiency factors. The independent variables are family background, school experience, school quality and labor market experience. About the labor market performance, we found that background is significant. Test scores, educational attainment and the percentage of teachers with an assistant professor are significant and positive relation with student performance. Students who have a lot of work experiences are benefit to performance. We also found that school experience is a helpful personal development. Finally, the estimates show that firm location, firm size and unemployment ratio have significant effects of labor market inefficiency. The result indicates that family background is an important factor in measuring student performance. And, learning environment is affected by school quality. Students can not only learn professional ability, but also grow qualitative dimensions in school. Graduates with more work experiences can make them successful in the labor market.