機車承載式動力撒佈機之改良與性能分析

Abstract

為提高紅火蟻防治效果，本文設計了一擺動噴頭機構應用於動力撒佈機，並將該撒佈機承載於電動機車上。利用擺動機構裝置可以取代人工手持噴管撒佈之動作，對於作業者勞力的節省及撒佈效率的提升有相當程度的助益，冀望有助於現階段全面提升紅火蟻防治工作的效能。 在設計上，首先以繪圖軟體進行擺動機構之二維（2D）圖面設計及機構分析，於模擬運動軌跡及位置極限後，找出最佳尺寸及偏擺角度，再以三維（3D）圖面設計出擺動機構的整體雛型，即可進行擺動機構的製作。 在防治上，用藥量之控制必須是適時、適地及適量使用。由本文改裝完成的機車承載式動力撒佈機，對於每公頃撒佈量的控制可藉由油門位置、風量位置及機車行駛速度等因素加以適度調配，即可獲得最佳的作業效果。 機車承載式動力撒佈機依油門位置的不同，撒佈寬度可達3-8公尺，測試結果發現在撒佈機上之風量位置1與2時，符合紅火蟻防治撒佈每公頃2公斤的需求量。每公頃撒佈量在風量位置1時，機車行駛速度10km/h為最佳參數；而在風量位置2時，機車行駛速度30km/h則為最佳參數。

The main purpose of this thesis is to develop a swing device which can be used to a power spreader mounted on a motorcycle, in order to prevent and control the damage of red imported fire ants effectively. The swing device can replace the spraying gun handling of operators in spraying operation to save labor and increase spread efficiency. At the beginning of design, a CAD software called AutoCAD is used to draw and analyze the swing mechanism. After the simulation of trajectories of motion and limits of position, we can obtain an optimum size and angle for this swing mechanism. Then, a prototype of swing mechanism is designed by another CAD software called SolidWorks. Than a swing mechanism was developed according to the design. To prevent the red imported fire ants, baits must be spread at suitable time, on right place, and with proper quantity. The developed motorcycle-mounted power spreader can adjust its positions of throttle, openings of output volume and velocities of vehicle to obtain the optimum results of spreading amount per hectare. The spreading width of a motorcycle-mounted power spreader is between 3 and 8 meter according to different positions of engine throttles. The results showed that the required spreading amount 2 kg/hectare to prevention of the red imported fire ant can be achieved if output volumes are in position No.1 and No.2. If the output volume is in position No.1, the motorcycle’s optimum velocity is 10 km/h and if the output volume is in position No.2, the optimum velocity will be 30 km/h.