中大型風力發電機傳動控制系統模擬分析之研究

Abstract

本論文係針對目前應用在中大型風力發電機中的傳動系統進行研究，風力發電機所應用的傳動系統包含：改變葉片螺距角的變螺距系統、配合風向而進行風力發電機轉動的轉向系統以及改變風力發電機轉子轉速的主軸傳動等三大系統。本研究分別使用了液壓閥控系統、液壓泵控系統以及直流馬達這三種驅動系統進行葉片變螺距角以及機艙轉向系統的驅動，建立三種驅動搭配兩種不同傳動的數學模型，分別進行目標控制，並且模擬系統傳動性能，利用MATLAB/SIMULINK軟體進行動態模擬分析，實現傳動系統的控制效果。 在風力發電機主軸傳動系統上，本研究提出利用液靜壓傳動系統搭配齒輪箱的新系統，進行在不同風速輸入下大型風力發電機的定轉速模擬，並搭配模糊滑動控制器進行變速目標控制。此外，在液靜壓傳動系統的一次側前設置齒輪箱增速系統，可以有效降低一次側液壓泵的工作壓力。最後利用液靜壓傳動系統二次側可變排量的特性進行無段變速，可以將不穩定的風速經液靜壓傳動系統後，在二次側輸出時將轉速控制成穩定轉速並進入後端的發電機。 本文內含行政院核能所風力發電機氣動力系統動態模擬與分析計畫、國科會離岸型風力發電機葉片設計分析整合型計畫、台灣電力公司風機動態模擬及控制子計畫、工研院綠能所液靜壓傳動系統計畫之相關內容，加以統合並整理出不同傳動系統的動態模擬分析之研究。

This paper aims to investigate the transmission system in medium/large wind turbines. The transmission system of the wind turbine includes the variable pitch control system of blades, yaw control system of the cabin, and main transmission shaft systems. We use three different driving systems, such as the hydraulic valve-controlled system, the hydraulic pump-controlled system and the DC motor system, for both variable pitch control and yaw control system. First, the dynamic models of the three transmission systems are derived, respectively. MATLAB / SIMULINK is used to implement the dynamic simulation of open-loop and closed-loop pitch and yaw control systems. In the main transmission drive system of wind turbine, this research proposes the hydrostatic transmission system with a gear box to realize constant rotational speed for the generator under the unstable input of wind velocity. For that, fuzzy sliding control is used to develop the controller. Thus, besides fulfilling the demand of variable rotational speed of variable rotational speed wind turbine, we also can implement the continuously variable transmission (CVT) on the second side in order that unstable wind velocity can be controlled to become constant rotational speed for the generator via the hydrostatic transmission system.