設計監造建築師關於建築物結構安全之刑事責任探討-以921震災判決為例

Abstract

本研究從維護震災建築物結構安全的觀點來探討建築師之刑事責任，首先探討地震災害的種類與產生建築物破壞之型式、現行法令制度下建築師業務權責與震災建築物安全的關係。再以透過台中德昌新世界、彰化龍邦富貴名門、台北博士的家、台北東星大樓、台中大里王朝等5個建築案系列、21份刑事類判決書，檢討分析因921震災而受損之建築物的責任歸屬，以刑法的角度切入建築師權責之詳細探討。繼以研究建築師權責劃分現存問題與原因分析，內容包括震災建築物安全及建築師相關法規整理及分析、刑法中對於建築師行為責任之適法認定等。進而研擬典章制度面與業務執行面之課題與對策。 根據本研究顯示，法律界對於建築師所應負起之建築物設計及監造責任，超過建築法規字面上之規定，故被起訴之建築師竟然均判決有罪。建築師未到案（逃亡）者，檢察官才會對實際負責結構設計之人員提訴。而判決的刑期，隨著持續上訴，越判越輕，不符社會期待。承租技師執照者，應負刑責，而出租技師執照者卻不獲起訴。建築法所稱監工與監造，與刑法第193條所稱監工，在法律上見解不同。進而引發建築法第34條有關行政技術分立之探討。 本研究成果建立「 921震災法院判例」中有關「設計監造建築師對於建築物結構安全之刑事責任」關係表，並對於建築法系及刑法，提出釐清建築師執業責任之相關建議，期望使各建築行為人能各司其職，各盡其能。

This research discusses of legal responsibility the architect from the maintenance earthquake disaster building structure security viewpoint, first discusses earthquake disaster the type with to have pattern of, the decrees in effect system under the building destruction the architect service power and responsibility and the earthquake disaster building security relations; And deliberates the overseas criminal law and the building control system, analyzes its characteristic.Again take penetrates in the practice the court decision as the case, the self-criticism analysis building of because of 921 earthquake disaster damage responsibility ownership, cuts into the architect power and responsibility by the criminal law angle the detailed discussion.The followed by studies the architect power and responsibility division extant question and the reason analysis, the content is connected in the laws and regulations reorganization including the earthquake disaster building security and the architect and the analysis, the criminal law conforms to the spirit of a law regarding the architect behavior responsibility recognizes and so on.Then draws up the decrees and regulations system surface, the service execution surface, the criminal law repairs topic of and the countermeasure the normal plane. According to this research demonstration, the law circle should take the building design and the jail regarding the architect makes the responsibility, surpasses in the construction laws and regulations wording the stipulation, therefore is unexpectedly decided architect of by the prosecution guilty.The architect issuing a warrant for arrest, the public prosecutor can be responsible for the reality personnel of the structural design to raise sues.But decides the prison term, along with appeals continually, more sentences lightly, the symbol society did not anticipate.Rents the technician license, should the negative punishment responsibility, but hires the technician license not to attain the prosecution actually.The building ordinance called supervises work to make with the jail, calls the supervisor with the criminal law 193rd institute, the opinion is different in the law.Then discussion initiation building ordinance 34th related administration technology separation. This research results establishment “921 earthquake disaster court legal precedent” related “the design jail makes the architect of legal responsibility regarding the building structure security” the relational table, and regarding the construction legal system and the criminal law, proposed correlation of suggestion the thousandth of a Yuan clear architect disciple of a master responsibility, expected causes to construct the author to be able respectively to perform its own functions, each its energy.