節能建築複層外殼材料之隔熱效率與經濟性研究

Abstract

建築物外殼的隔熱性能不佳，是造成室溫偏高的原因之一，不但降低環境的舒適度，且增加空調負荷耗能。本研究以目前常用之建築外殼材料作為研究對象，實驗以單層疊加成複層之構造方式進行，並與國外複層材料比較，探討隔熱性及經濟性之效益評估。建築材料之實體試驗，係使用國內10種單層外殼材料及組合成25組複層材料與國外4種複層外殼材料等模組，依內政部建研所建立之熱傳導計測標準，計測溫度、風速、溼度等資料，經計算分析，進行材料之隔熱性、透濕抵抗及經濟性之評估。 實驗結果顯示建築外殼的隔熱性能優劣，除了需考慮材料的輻射熱獲得量及熱阻外，對於材料的透濕抵抗亦需列入考量，且需配合建築物所在的氣候環境，選擇適合的外殼材料。實驗結果得知以隔熱為主的複層材料，可選擇編號13（雨淋板＋塑鋼中空板＋氧化鎂板）及22（中空水泥板＋傳統DECK板＋氧化鎂板）兩組模組。若以防潮為主的複層材料，則可選擇編號15（彩色鋼浪板＋傳統DECK板＋矽酸鈣板）的模組。另選擇與混凝土板性質相近之水泥板比較隔熱性能差異，由實驗模組熱獲得量比較，水泥板的熱獲得量，較單層外殼材料最佳模組編號h（矽酸鈣板），隔熱能力減少17.1％。而國內生產的單層材料組合成的複層外殼與隔熱性最佳的國外材料，相差不大。因此，可利用國內的複層材料來替代國外材料的使用。再比較國內外建築外殼材料之經濟性，若以隔熱性為主要設計重點，則單層材料的矽酸鈣板及雨淋板為最佳材料；複層材料最佳者為編號13及22兩組。由於國外材料的單價皆比國內材料高。因此，可選擇國內生產之建材，以疊加方式施工，可達到國外材料的節能能力。 目前國內並無相關外殼複層材料的生產，建議綠建材製造廠商，可利用本研究成果，生產更有利之制式隔熱建材組合。

Poor thermal insulation of encasing material for buildings is one of the reasons causing elevated room temperature. This reduces not only the coziness of the environment, but also adds extra loading on the air conditioner. The subjects of this study are the typical composite encasing materials used in the building construction. The composite materials in this experiment are made from the stacking of single-layer materials. The economy and the thermal insulation performance of these composite construction materials were investigated by comparing with other foreign composite construction materials. A total of 25 kinds of composite construction encasing materials made from the combination of 10 single-layer encasing materials, as well as 4 types of foreign composite encasing materials were examined in this experiment based on the thermal propagation evaluation standards established by the Architecture and Building Research Institution, Ministry of the Interior. Calculations and analyses were also performed on data such as temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity, in order to carry out thermal insulation, moist resistance, and economy evaluations for the materials. The experimental results indicated that thermal insulation ability of encasing materials for buildings depends not only on the radiant heat received or the heat resistance of the material, but also on its moist resistance as well. The selection of a suitable encasing material must consider the surrounding environment where the building is situated. Our experimental results suggested that most well-performed composite encasing materials in terms of thermal insulation ability are number 13 （flashing＋plastic-steel hollow plate＋magnesium plate） and number 22 （hollow concrete plate＋conventional DECK＋magnesium plate）. On the other hand, the best composite encasing material in terms of moist resistance is number 15 （color corrugated plate＋conventional DECK＋calcium silicate board）. In addition, by comparing the amount of heat received, the thermal insulation efficiency of concrete plate is 17.1% less than that of the best single-layer encasing material, calcium silicate board (symbol h). The composite encasing materials made from domestic single-layer construction materials have demonstrated similar thermal insulation characteristic with that of the best foreign composite encasing material, therefore, could be the alternatives of foreign composite encasing material. If further comparing domestic and foreign encasing materials in terms of economy, the best thermal-insulation-designed materials are calcium silicate board and flashing for single-layer material, and number 13 and number 22 for composite material. Since the unit cost of foreign construction materials is higher than that of the domestic counterparts, domestic materials in combination with the stacking technique could be a feasible way of performing construction and at the same time enjoying the energy-conversing benefit of foreign construction materials. Up to now, there is no composite encasing material manufacturer in Taiwan. Therefore, it is recommended that the green construction material manufacturers could take the results of this study as the reference to produce more useful and standardized thermal insulation composite materials.