請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/28791
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 余佳慧(Linda Chia-Hui Yu) | |
dc.contributor.author | Yen Zhen Lu | en |
dc.contributor.author | 盧彥臻 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T00:22:56Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2009-08-08 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2007-08-08 | |
dc.date.issued | 2007 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2007-07-26 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 1. Perez-Navarro R, Martinez-Augustin O, Ballester I,
Zarzuelo A, Sanchez dM. Experimental inflammation of the rat distal colon inhibits ion secretion in the proximal colon by affecting the enteric nervous system. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2005;371:114-121. 2. Leung FW, Su KC, Pique JM, Thiefin G, Passaro E Jr, Guth PH. Superior mesenteric artery is more important than inferior mesenteric artery in maintaining colonic mucosal perfusion and integrity in rats. Dig Dis Sci 1 1992;37:1329-1335. 3. Acosta S, Bjorck M. Acute thrombo-embolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery: a prospective study in a well defined population. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2003;26:179-183. 4. Schneider TA, Longo WE, Ure T, Vernava AM, III. Mesenteric ischemia. Acute arterial syndromes. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:1163-1174. 5. Schnitzlein HN. Regulation of blood flow through the stomach of the rat. Anat Rec 1957;127:735-753. 6. Kirkham TC, Gibbs J, Smith GP. Satiating effect of bombesin is mediated by receptors perfused by celiac artery. Am J Physiol 1991;261:R614-R618. 7. Fukuyama K, Iwakiri R, Noda T, Kojima M, Utsumi H, T Tsunada S, Sakata H, Ootani A, Fujimoto K. Apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion and fasting in gastric mucosa compared to small intestinal mucosa in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2001;46:545-549. 8. Tanaka S, Kamiike W, Kosaka H, Ito T, Kumura E, Shiga T, Matsuda H. Detection of nitric oxide production and its role in pancreatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Am J Physiol 1996;271:G405-G409. 9. Leung FW, Morishita T, Livingston EH, Reedy T, Guth PH. Reflectance spectrophotometry for the assessment of gastroduodenal mucosal perfusion. Am J Physiol 1987;252:G797-G804. 10. Kurtel H, Fujimoto K, Zimmerman BJ, Granger DN, Tso P. Ischemia-reperfusion-induced mucosal dysfunction: role of neutrophils. Am J Physiol 1991;261:G490-G496. 11. Fujimoto K, Price VH, Granger DN, Specian R, Bergstedt S, Tso P. Effect of ischemia-reperfusion on lipid digestion and absorption in rat intestine. Am J Physiol 1991;260:G595-G602. 12. Niess JH, Reinecker HC. Lamina propria dendritic cells in the physiology and pathology of the gastrointestinaltract. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2005;21:687-691. 13. Laukoetter MG, Bruewer M, Nusrat A. Regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier by the apical junctional complex. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2006;22:85-89. 14. Mayer L. Mucosal immunity. Pediatrics 2003;111:1595- 1600. 15. Blikslager AT, Moeser AJ, Gookin JL, Jones SL, Odle J. Restoration of barrier function in injured intestinal mucosa. Physiol Rev 2007;87:545-564. 16. Hollander D. The intestinal permeability barrier. A hypothesis as to its regulation and involvement in Crohn's disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1992;27:721-726. 17. Farquhar MG, Palade GE. Junctional complexes in various epithelia. J Cell Biol 1963;17:375-412. 18. Xia G, Martin AE, Michalsky MP, Besner GE. Heparin- binding EGF-like growth factor preserves crypt cell proliferation and decreases bacterial translocation after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Pediatr Surg 2002;37:1081-1087. 19. Dann SM, Eckmann L. Innate immune defenses in the intestinal tract. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2007;23:115- 120. 20. Chertov O, Yang D, Howard OM, Oppenheim JJ. Leukocyte granule proteins mobilize innate host defenses and adaptive immune responses. Immunol Rev 2000;177:68-78. 21. Lehrer RI, Lichtenstein AK, Ganz T. Defensins: antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides of mammalian cells. Annu Rev Immunol 1993;11:105-128. 22. Lin PW, Simon PO, Jr., Gewirtz AT, Neish AS, Ouellette AJ, Madara JL, Lencer WI. Paneth cell cryptdins act in vitro as apical paracrine regulators of the innate inflammatory response. J Biol Chem 2004;279:19902- 19907. 23. Iimura M, Gallo RL, Hase K, Miyamoto Y, Eckmann L, Kagnoff MF. Cathelicidin mediates innate intestinal defense against colonization with epithelial adherent bacterial pathogens. J Immunol 2005;174:4901-4907. 24. Nagaoka I, Hirota S, Niyonsaba F, Hirata M, Adachi Y, Tamura H, Tanaka S, Heumann D. Augmentation of the lipopolysaccharide-neutralizing activities of human cathelicidin CAP18/LL-37-derived antimicrobial peptides by replacement with hydrophobic and cationic amino acid residues. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002;9:972- 982. 25. Eckmann L. Defence molecules in intestinal innate immunity against bacterial infections. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2005;21:147-151. 26. Ciornei CD, Sigurdardottir T, Schmidtchen A, Bodelsson M. Antimicrobial and chemoattractant activity, lipopolysaccharide neutralization, cytotoxicity, and inhibition by serum of analogs of human cathelicidin LL-37. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49:2845-2850. 27. Nizet V, Ohtake T, Lauth X, Trowbridge J, Rudisill J, Dorschner RA, Pestonjamasp V, Piraino J, Huttner K, Gallo RL. Innate antimicrobial peptide protects the skin from invasive bacterial infection. Nature 2001;414:454-457. 28. Basset C, Holton J, O'Mahony R, Roitt I. Innate immunity and pathogen-host interaction. Vaccine 2003;21 Suppl 2:S12-S23. 29. Esche C, Stellato C, Beck LA. Chemokines: key players in innate and adaptive immunity. J Invest Dermatol 2005;125:615-628. 30. Makala LH, Reyes JC, Nishikawa Y, Tsushima Y, Xuan X, Huang X, Battsetseg B, Matsuo T, Nagasawa H. Phenotype and function of murine discrete Peyer's patch macrophage derived - dendritic cells. J Vet Med Sci 2003;65:491-499. 31. Smith PD, Ochsenbauer-Jambor C, Smythies LE. Intestinal macrophages: unique effector cells of the innate immune system. Immunol Rev 2005;206:149-159. 32. Zhang P, Summer WR, Bagby GJ, Nelson S. Innate immunity and pulmonary host defense. Immunol Rev 2000;173:39-51. 33. Smith PD, Smythies LE, Mosteller-Barnum M, Sibley DA, Russell MW, Merger M, Sellers MT, Orenstein JM, Shimada T, Graham MF, Kubagawa H. Intestinal macrophages lack CD14 and CD89 and consequently are down-regulated for LPS- and IgA-mediated activities. J Immunol 2001;167:2651-2656. 34. Smythies LE, Sellers M, Clements RH, Mosteller-Barnum M, Meng G, Benjamin WH, Orenstein JM, Smith PD. Human intestinal macrophages display profound inflammatory anergy despite avid phagocytic and bacteriocidal activity. J Clin Invest 2005;115:66-75. 35. Yuan Q, Walker WA. Innate immunity of the gut: mucosal defense in health and disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004;38:463-473. 36. Mallick IH, Yang W, Winslet MC, Seifalian AM. Ischemia- reperfusion injury of the intestine and protective strategies against injury. Dig Dis Sci 2004;49:1359- 1377. 37. Chin AC, Parkos CA. Neutrophil transepithelial migration and epithelial barrier function in IBD: potential targets for inhibiting neutrophil trafficking. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006;1072:276-287. 38. Angulo S, Llopis M, Antolin M, Gironella M, Sans M, Malagelada JR, Pique JM, Guarner F, Panes J. Lactobacillus casei prevents the upregulation of ICAM- 1 expression and leukocyte recruitment in experimental colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006;291:G1155-G1162. 39. Chen Y, Lui VC, Rooijen NV, Tam PK. Depletion of intestinal resident macrophages prevents ischaemia reperfusion injury in gut. Gut 2004;53:1772-1780. 40. Marcinkiewicz J. Neutrophil chloramines: missing links between innate and acquired immunity. Immunol Today 1997;18:577-580. 41. Hampton MB, Kettle AJ, Winterbourn CC. Inside the neutrophil phagosome: oxidants, myeloperoxidase, and bacterial killing. Blood 1998;92:3007-3017. 42. Talstad I, Dalen H, Lehmann V. Degranulation and enzyme release during phagocytosis of inert particles and of bacteria by polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand [C ] 1983;91:403-411. 43. Nathan CF. Neutrophil activation on biological surfaces. Massive secretion of hydrogen peroxide in response to products of macrophages and lymphocytes. J Clin Invest 1987;80:1550-1560. 44. McConnico RS, Weinstock D, Poston ME, Roberts MC. Myeloperoxidase activity of the large intestine in an equine model of acute colitis. Am J Vet Res 1999;60:807-813. 45. Krawisz JE, Sharon P, Stenson WF. Quantitative assay for acute intestinal inflammation based on myeloperoxidase activity. Assessment of inflammation in rat and hamster models. Gastroenterology 1984;87:1344-1350. 46. Stahl PD. The mannose receptor and other macrophage lectins. Curr Opin Immunol 1992;4:49-52. 47. Lincoln JA, Lefkowitz DL, Cain T, Castro A, Mills KC, Lefkowitz SS, Moguilevsky N, Bollen A. Exogenous myeloperoxidase enhances bacterial phagocytosis and intracellular killing by macrophages. Infect Immun 1995;63:3042-3047. 48. Burg ND, Pillinger MH. The neutrophil: function and regulation in innate and humoral immunity. Clin Immunol 2001;99:7-17. 49. Shibata F, Konishi K, Nakagawa H. Identification of a common receptor for three types of rat cytokine- induced neutrophil chemoattractants (CINCs). Cytokine 2000;12:1368-1373. 50. Watanabe K, Koizumi F, Kurashige Y, Tsurufuji S, Nakagawa H. Rat CINC, a member of the interleukin-8 family, is a neutrophil-specific chemoattractant in vivo. Exp Mol Pathol 1991;55:30-37. 51. Ramos CD, Heluy-Neto NE, Ribeiro RA, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ. Neutrophil migration induced by IL-8- activated mast cells is mediated by CINC-1. Cytokine 2003;21:214-223. 52. Watanabe K, Konishi K, Fujioka M, Kinoshita S, Nakagawa H. The neutrophil chemoattractant produced by the rat kidney epithelioid cell line NRK-52E is a protein related to the KC/gro protein. J Biol Chem 1989;264:19559-19563. 53. Konishi K, Takata Y, Yamamoto M, Yomogida K, Watanabe K, Tsurufuji S, Fujioka M. Structure of the gene encoding rat neutrophil chemo-attractant Gro. Gene 1993;126:285-286. 54. Rollwagen FM, Li YY, Pacheco ND, Dick EJ, Kang YH. Microvascular effects of oral interleukin-6 on ischemia/reperfusion in the murine small intestine. Am J Pathol 2000;156:1177-1182. 55. Campbell SJ, Hughes PM, Iredale JP, Wilcockson DC, Waters S, Docagne F, Perry VH, Anthony DC. CINC-1 is an acute-phase protein induced by focal brain injury causing leukocyte mobilization and liver injury. FASEB J 2003;17:1168-1170. 56. Alonso A, Bayon Y, Crespo MS. The expression of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractants (CINC-1 and CINC-2) in rat peritoneal macrophages is triggered by Fc gamma receptor activation: study of the signaling mechanism. Eur J Immunol 1996;26:2165-2171. 57. Bhandari V, Elias JA. Cytokines in tolerance to hyperoxia-induced injury in the developing and adult lung. Free Radic Biol Med 2006;41:4-18. 58. Shibata F, Kato H, Konishi K, Okumora A, Ochiai H, Nakajima K, Al Mokdad M, Nakagawa H. Differential changes in the concentrations of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1 and CINC-2 in exudate during rat lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Cytokine 1996;8:222-226. 59. Kishikawa H, Miura S, Nishida J, Nakano M, Hirano E, Sudo N, Morishita T, Ishii H. Ethanol-induced CXC- chemokine synthesis and barrier dysfunction in intestinal epithelial cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2005;29:2116-2122. 60. Yoshida H, Miura S, Kishikawa H, Hirokawa M, Nakamizo H, Nakatsumi RC, Suzuki H, Saito H, Ishii H. Fatty acids enhance GRO/CINC-1 and interleukin-6 production in rat intestinal epithelial cells. J Nutr 2001;131:2943-2950. 61. Suter D, Spahn DR, Blumenthal S, Reyes L, Booy C, Z'graggen BR, Beck-Schimmer B. The immunomodulatory effect of sevoflurane in endotoxin-injured alveolar epithelial cells. Anesth Analg 2007;104:638-645. 62. Mitsui K, Takano K, Nakatani S, Nambu H, Shibata F, Nakagawa H. Chemokine production by rat macrophages stimulated with streptolysin O from Streptococcus pyogenes. Microbiol Immunol 2002;46:37-45. 63. Yu HP, Shimizu T, Hsieh YC, Suzuki T, Choudhry MA, Schwacha MG, Chaudry IH. Tissue-specific expression of estrogen receptors and their role in the regulation of neutrophil infiltration in various organs following trauma-hemorrhage. J Leukoc Biol 2006;79:963-970. 64. Diebel LN, Liberati DM, Taub JS, Diglio CA, Brown WJ. Intestinal epithelial cells modulate PMN activation and apoptosis following bacterial and hypoxic challenges. J Trauma 2005;58:1126-1133. 65. Hofman P, Piche M, Far DF, Le Negrate G, Selva E, Landraud L, Alliana-Schmid A, Boquet P, Rossi B. Increased Escherichia coli phagocytosis in neutrophils that have transmigrated across a cultured intestinal epithelium. Infect Immun 2000;68:449-455. 66. Edens HA, Levi BP, Jaye DL, Walsh S, Reaves TA, Turner JR, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. Neutrophil transepithelial migration: evidence for sequential, contact-dependent signaling events and enhanced paracellular permeability independent of transjunctional migration. J Immunol 2002;169:476-486. 67. Nash S, Stafford J, Madara JL. Effects of polymorphonuclear leukocyte transmigration on the barrier function of cultured intestinal epithelial monolayers. J Clin Invest 1987;80:1104-1113. 68. Yasuhara H. Acute mesenteric ischemia: the challenge of gastroenterology. Surg Today 2005;35:185-195. 69. Cerqueira NF, Hussni CA, Yoshida WB. Pathophysiology of mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion: a review. Acta Cir Bras 2005;20:336-343. 70. Madesh M, Bhaskar L, Balasubramanian KA. Enterocyte viability and mitochondrial function after graded intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 1997;167:81-87. 71. Parks DA, Granger DN. Contributions of ischemia and reperfusion to mucosal lesion formation. Am J Physiol 1986;250:G749-G753. 72. Fasano A, Nataro JP. Intestinal epithelial tight junctions as targets for enteric bacteria-derived toxins. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004;56:795-807. 73. Solligard E, Juel IS, Bakkelund K, Jynge P, Tvedt KE, Johnsen H, Aadahl P, Gronbech JE. Gut luminal microdialysis of glycerol as a marker of intestinal ischemic injury and recovery. Crit Care Med 2005;33:2278-2285. 74. Aksoyek S, Cinel I, Avlan D, Cinel L, Ozturk C, Gurbuz P, Nayci A, Oral U. Intestinal ischemic preconditioning protects the intestine and reduces bacterial translocation. Shock 2002;18:476-480. 75. Hayward R, Lefer AM. Time course of endothelial- neutrophil interaction in splanchnic artery ischemia- reperfusion. Am J Physiol 1998;275:H2080-H2086. 76. Gayle JM, Blikslager AT, Jones SL. Role of neutrophils in intestinal mucosal injury. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;217:498-500. 77. Cuzzocrea S, Mazzon E, Esposito E, Muia C, Abdelrahman M, Di Paola R, Crisafulli C, Bramanti P, Thiemermann C. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibition attenuates the development of ischaemia/reperfusion injury of the gut. Intensive Care Med 2007;33:880-893. 78. Sisley AC, Desai T, Harig JM, Gewertz BL. Neutrophil depletion attenuates human intestinal reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 1994;57:192-196. 79. Hierholzer C, Kalff JC, Audolfsson G, Billiar TR, Tweardy DJ, Bauer AJ. Molecular and functional contractile sequelae of rat intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Transplantation 1999;68:1244-1254. 80. Granger DN. Role of xanthine oxidase and granulocytes in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol 1988;255:H1269-H1275. 81. Ginzberg HH, Shannon PT, Suzuki T, Hong O, Vachon E, Moraes T, Abreu MT, Cherepanov V, Wang X, Chow CW, Downey GP. Leukocyte elastase induces epithelial apoptosis: role of mitochondial permeability changes and Akt. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004;287:G286-G298. 82. Zimmerman BJ, Grisham MB, Granger DN. Role of oxidants in ischemia/reperfusion-induced granulocyte infiltration. Am J Physiol 1990;258:G185-G190. 83. Grisham MB, Hernandez LA, Granger DN. Xanthine oxidase and neutrophil infiltration in intestinal ischemia. Am J Physiol 1986;251:G567-G574. 84. Kong SE, Blennerhassett LR, Heel KA, McCauley RD, Hall JC. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury to the intestine. Aust N Z J Surg 1998;68:554-561. 85. Riaz AA, Wan MX, Schaefer T, Schramm R, Ekberg H, Menger MD, Jeppsson B, Thorlacius H. Fundamental and distinct roles of P-selectin and LFA-1 in ischemia/reperfusion-induced leukocyte-endothelium interactions in the mouse colon. Ann Surg 2002;236:777- 784. 86. Simpson R, Alon R, Kobzik L, Valeri CR, Shepro D, Hechtman HB. Neutrophil and nonneutrophil-mediated injury in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. Ann Surg 1993;218:444-453. 87. Boxer L, Dale DC. Neutropenia: causes and consequences. Semin Hematol 2002;39:75-81. 88. Louis NA, Hamilton KE, Kong T, Colgan SP. HIF- dependent induction of apical CD55 coordinates epithelial clearance of neutrophils. FASEB J 2005;19:950-959. 89. Kolar F, Ostadal B. Molecular mechanisms of cardiac protection by adaptation to chronic hypoxia. Physiol Res 2004;53 Suppl 1:S3-13. 90. Sharp FR, Ran R, Lu A, Tang Y, Strauss KI, Glass T, Ardizzone T, Bernaudin M. Hypoxic preconditioning protects against ischemic brain injury. NeuroRx 2004;1:26-35. 91. Wolfe RR, Horvath SM. Blood volume responses of rats adppted to different barometric pressures (38482). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1975;148:89-93. 92. Yoshimoto M, Sasaki M, Naraki N, Mohri M, Miki K. Regulation of gastric motility at simulated high altitude in conscious rats. J Appl Physiol 2004;97:599- 604. 93. Saravi FD, Chirino DR, Saldena TA, Cincunegui LM, Carra GE, Ituarte LM. Chronic hypobaric hypoxia effects on rat colon in vitro sensitivity to acute hypoxia and amiloride. Dig Dis Sci 2002;47:1086-1090. 94. Lifshitz F, Wapnir RA, Teichberg S. Alterations in jejunal transport and (Na+-K+)-ATPase in an experimental model of hypoxia in rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1986;181:87-97. 95. Hammond KA, Szewczak J, Krol E. Effects of altitude and temperature on organ phenotypic plasticity along an altitudinal gradient. J Exp Biol 2001;204:1991-2000. 96. Kasalicky J, Ressl J, Urbanova D, Widimsky J, Ostadal B, Pelouch V, Vizek M, Prochazka J. Relative organ blood flow in rats exposed to intermittent high altitude hypoxia. Pflugers Arch 1977;368:111-115. 97. Xia Y, Haddad GG. Voltage-sensitive Na+ channels increase in number in newborn rat brain after in utero hypoxia. Brain Res 1994;635:339-344. 98. Sheedy W, Thompson JS, Morice AH. A comparison of pathophysiological changes during hypobaric and no rmobaric hypoxia in rats. Respiration 1996;63:217-222. 99. Hotter G, Closa D, Prados M, Fernandez-Cruz L, Prats N, Gelpi E, Rosello-Catafau J. Intestinal preconditioning is mediated by a transient increase in nitric oxide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996;222:27- 32. 100.Lai IR, Ma MC, Chen CF, Chang KJ. The effect of an intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury on renal nerve activity among rats. Shock 2003;19:480-485. 101.Schoots IG, Bijlsma PB, Koffeman GI, van Gulik TM. Hypoxia/reoxygenation impairs glucose absorption and cAMP-mediated secretion more profoundly than glutamine absorption and Ca2+/PKC-mediated secretion in rat ileum in vitro. Surgery 2006;139:244-253. 102.Montalbano JM, Lee FT, Jr., Grist TM, Rappe AH, Weiss JW, Kelcz F, Gribenko V. Magnetic resonance imaging detection of extraluminal enterally administered gadopentetate dimeglumine in a rat model of intestinal ischemia. Acad Radiol 1996;3:486-492. 103.Hebra A, Hong J, McGowan KL, Smith C, McKernan ML, Ross AJ, III. Bacterial translocation in mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury: is dysfunctional motility the link? J Pediatr Surg 1994;29:280-285. 104.Wang SF, Li GW. Early protective effect of ischemic preconditioning on small intestinal graft in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2003;9:1866-1870. 105.Campbell NB, Ruaux CG, Shifflett DE, Steiner JM, Williams DA, Blikslager AT. Physiological concentrations of bile salts inhibit recovery ofischemic-injured porcine ileum. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol2004;287:G399-G407. 106.Vijayalakshhmi B, Sesikeran B, Udaykumar P, Kalyanasundaram S, Raghunath M. Effects of vitamin restriction and supplementation on rat intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2005;38:1614-1624. 107.Diaz-Granados N, Howe K, Lu J, McKay DM. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colonic histopathology, but not altered epithelial ion transport, is reduced by inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity. Am J Pathol 2000;156:2169-2177. 108.Yam LT, Li CY, Crosby WH. Cytochemical identification of monocytes and granulocytes. Am J Clin Pathol 1971;55:283-290. 109.Chang JX, Chen S, Ma LP, Jiang LY, Chen JW, Chang RM, Wen LQ, Wu W, Jiang ZP, Huang ZT. Functional and morphological changes of the gut barrier during the restitution process after hemorrhagic shock. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11:5485-5491. 110.Moore-Olufemi SD, Kozar RA, Moore FA, Sato N, Hassoun HT, Cox CS, Jr., Kone BC. Ischemic preconditioning protects against gut dysfunction and mucosal injury after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Shock 2005;23:258- 263. 111.Ramachandran A, Madesh M, Balasubramanian KA. Apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium: its relevance in normal and pathophysiological conditions. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;15:109-120. 112.Leung FW, Su KC, Passaro E Jr, Guth PH. Regional differences in gut blood flow and mucosal damage in response to ischemia and reperfusion. Am J Physiol 1992;263:G301-G305. 113.Guttman JA, Li Y, Wickham ME, Deng W, Vogl AW, Finlay BB. Attaching and effacing pathogen-induced tight junction disruption in vivo. Cell Microbiol 2006;8:634- 645. 114.Ferrier L, Mazelin L, Cenac N, Desreumaux P, Janin A, Emilie D, Colombel JF, Garcia-Villar R, Fioramonti J, Bueno L. Stress-induced disruption of colonic epithelial barrier: role of interferon-gamma and myosin light chain kinase in mice. Gastroenterology 2003;125:795-804. 115.Moriez R, Salvador-Cartier C, Theodorou V, Fioramonti J, Eutamene H, Bueno L. Myosin light chain kinase is involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced disruption of colonic epithelial barrier and bacterial translocation in rats. Am J Pathol 2005;167:1071-1079. 116.Neal MD, Leaphart C, Levy R, Prince J, Billiar TR, Watkins S, Li J, Cetin S, Ford H, Schreiber A, Hackam DJ. Enterocyte TLR4 mediates phagocytosis and translocation of bacteria across the intestinal barrier. J Immunol 2006;176:3070-3079. 117.Wells CL, VandeWesterlo EM, Jechorek RP, Erlandsen SL. Effect of hypoxia on enterocyte endocytosis of enteric bacteria. Crit Care Med 1996;24:985-991. 118.Nazli A, Wang A, Steen O, Prescott D, Lu J, Perdue MH, Soderholm JD, Sherman PM, McKay DM. Enterocyte cytoskeleton changes are crucial for enhanced translocation of nonpathogenic Escherichia coli across metabolically stressed gut epithelia. Infect Immun 2006;74:192-201. 119.Keita AV, Gullberg E, Ericson AC, Salim SY, Wallon C, Kald A, Artursson P, Soderholm JD. Characterization of antigen and bacterial transport in the follicle- associated epithelium of human ileum. Lab Invest 2006;86:504-516. 120.Choudhry MA, Fazal N, Goto M, Gamelli RL, Sayeed MM. Gut-associated lymphoid T cell suppression enhances bacterial translocation in alcohol and burn injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002;282:G937- G947. 121.Fukatsu K, Sakamoto S, Hara E, Ueno C, Maeshima Y, Matsumoto I, Mochizuki H, Hiraide H. Gut ischemia- reperfusion affects gut mucosal immunity: a possible mechanism for infectious complications after severe surgical insults. Crit Care Med 2006;34:182-187. 122.Nava P, Lopez S, Arias CF, Islas S, Gonzalez-Mariscal L. The rotavirus surface protein VP8 modulates the gate and fence function of tight junctions in epithelial cells. J Cell Sci 2004;117:5509-5519. 123.Yu LC, Yang PC, Berin MC, Di L, V, Conrad DH, McKay DM, Satoskar AR, Perdue MH. Enhanced transepithelial antigen transport in intestine of allergic mice is mediated by IgE/CD23 and regulated by interleukin-4. Gastroenterology 2001;121:370-381. 124.Philpott DJ, Girardin SE, Sansonetti PJ. Innate immune responses of epithelial cells following infection with bacterial pathogens. Curr Opin Immunol 2001;13:410-416. 125.Benjamin MA, McKay DM, Yang PC, Cameron H, Perdue MH. Glucagon-like peptide-2 enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function of both transcellular and paracellular pathways in the mouse. Gut 2000;47:112- 126.Kozar RA, Schultz SG, Bick RJ, Poindexter BJ, DeSoignie R, Moore FA. Enteral glutamine but not alanine maintains small bowel barrier function after ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Shock 2004;21:433- 437. 127.Andoh A, Kimura T, Fukuda M, Araki Y, Fujiyama Y, Bamba T. Rapid intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury is suppressed in genetically mast cell-deficient Ws/Ws rats. Clin Exp Immunol 1999;116:90-93. 128.Luyer MD, Buurman WA, Hadfoune M, Jacobs JA, Konstantinov SR, Dejong CH, Greve JW. Pretreatment with high-fat enteral nutrition reduces endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and preserves gut barrier function early after hemorrhagic shock. Shock 2004;21:65-71. 129.Ikeda H, Yang CL, Tong J, Nishimaki H, Masuda K, Takeo T, Kasai K, Itoh G. Rat small intestinal goblet cell kinetics in the process of restitution of surface epithelium subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dig Dis Sci 2002;47:590-601. 130.Blikslager AT, Roberts MC, Rhoads JM, Argenzio RA. Prostaglandins I2 and E2 have a synergistic role in rescuing epithelial barrier function in porcine ileum. J Clin Invest 1997;100:1928-1933. 131.Moore R, Carlson S, Madara JL. Rapid barrier restitution in an in vitro model of intestinal epithelial injury. Lab Invest 1989;60:237-244. 132.Chesner IM, Small NA, Dykes PW. Intestinal absorption at high altitude. Postgrad Med J 1987;63:173-175. 133.Shimizu T, Tani T, Hanasawa K, Endo Y, Kodama M. The role of bacterial translocation on neutrophil activation during hemorrhagic shock in rats. Shock 2001;16:59-63. 134.Kaneko H, Tamura A, Ishii T, Maeda T, Katagiri T, Ishii J, Kubota Y, Suzuki T, Tsuchiya M, Otsuka Y, Yamazaki K, Watanabe M, Tatsuo T. Bacterial translocation in small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and efficacy of Anti-CINC antibody treatment. Eur Surg Res 2007;39:153-159. 135.Farmer DG, Shen XD, Amersi F, Anselmo D, Ma JP, Ke B, Gao F, Dry S, Fernandez S, Shaw GD, McDiarmid SV, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski J. CD62 blockade with P- Selectin glycoprotein ligand-immunoglobulin fusion protein reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury after rat intestinal transplantation. Transplantation 2005;79:44- 51. 136.Blikslager AT, Roberts MC, Rhoads JM, Argenzio RA. Is reperfusion injury an important cause of mucosal damage after porcine intestinal ischemia? Surgery 1997;121:526-534. 137.Rosario HS, Waldo SW, Becker SA, Schmid-Schonbein GW. Pancreatic trypsin increases matrix metalloproteinase- 9 accumulation and activation during acute intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in the rat. Am J Pathol 2004;164:1707-1716. 138.Shifflett DE, Bottone FG, Jr., Young KM, Moeser AJ, Jones SL, Blikslager AT. Neutrophils augment recovery of porcine ischemia-injured ileal mucosa by an IL- 1beta- and COX-2-dependent mechanism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004;287:G50-G57. 139.Blikslager AT, Roberts MC, Argenzio RA. Prostaglandin- induced r | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/28791 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 腸道缺血再灌流(ischemai/reperfusion, I/R)之傷害常見於心肺手術、小腸移植手術以及外傷性休克病人身上。由於在正常生理環境中,腸道上皮細胞之間會緊密結合而形成腸道屏障,可阻擋腸管中大量的細菌進入身體內部。但缺血再灌流之刺激引發腸道上皮細胞死亡及屏障功能缺損,使得大量細菌進入體內,進而引發全身性發炎反應和多重器官之衰竭。過去研究顯示低氧預處理(hypoxic preconditioning, HPC)可減緩心臟和腦部缺血再灌流刺激所導致的損傷程度,然而低氧預處理是否對於腸道有保護作用目前並不清楚。本篇研究目的主要探討低氧預處理是否可以改善腸道缺血再灌流所引發的黏膜損傷和細菌轉移的現象。
本篇研究首先將實驗大鼠分為常氧(normoxia)和低氧預處理兩大組。常氧鼠飼養於大氣壓為760毫米汞柱之環境中,即一般空氣下。低氧預處理鼠飼養於低壓低氧艙(380毫米汞柱),每天17小時持續21天。每一大組又依手術處理方式分為正常對照組(normal control, con)、假手術組(sham-operated control, sham)和缺血再灌流組,其中缺血再灌流組的大鼠以動脈夾夾擊上腸繫膜動脈(superior mesenteric artery, SMA)20分鐘之後,移除動脈夾恢復血流再灌流1小時。在手術處理完畢後,取出腸道組織作組織染色、嗜中性白血(neutrophils)球染色、骨髓過氧化酵素(myeloperoxidase, MPO)分析和嗜中性白血球趨化吸引分子-1(cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant, CINC-1)蛋白表現量評估。此外拿取肝臟、脾臟和腸繫膜淋巴結(mesenteric lymph nodes, MLNs)之組織均質液培養於新鮮血液培養基(fresh blood agar plate)和馬康氏培養基(MacConkey agat plate)作細菌轉移之腸道屏障功能分析。而為了測量腸道上皮細胞在缺血再灌流後刺激下通透性的改變,在大鼠之空腸腸道綁環之管腔中注入顯影劑釓偶醯胺(gadodiamide),再利用核磁共振影像(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)技術擷取肝臟和腎臟之影像強度作分析。 實驗結果顯示,常氧鼠在受到腸道缺血再灌流的刺激之後,空腸(jejunum)和迴腸(ileum)絨毛長度明顯短縮,絨毛之頂端上皮細胞脫落。而缺血再灌流後,腸道屏障功能之喪失可藉由肝臟和脾臟組織液中菌落形成單位(colony forming unit, CFU)數目增加及利用核磁共振所偵測到之肝臟影像強度增加趨勢所得知。此外缺血再灌流刺激會造成空腸之骨髓過氧化酵素活性和嗜中性白血球趨化吸引分子-1表現量蛋白顯著性地增加。而當實驗大鼠預先處以低氧預處理後,缺血再灌流所導致的腸道黏膜層受損情況及細菌轉移之數目皆減緩,顯示低氧預處理對腸道有保護作用。最後實驗結果發現低氧預處理大鼠受缺血再灌流刺激後,空腸和迴腸組織中骨髓過氧化酵素活性和嗜中性白血球趨化吸引分子-1表現較常氧鼠來得高,然而從核磁共振之肝臟影像的結果來看,低氧預處理無法降低缺血再灌流所引發的腸道通透性增加之現象。 由上述實驗結果顯示,腸道的缺血再灌流刺激會導致黏膜組織受損和管腔內細菌轉移至體內的現象,而低氧預處理則可降低缺血再灌流所引起的腸道型態上的受損及維持腸道的屏障功能,其保護機轉可能是透過嗜中性白血球的趨化和活化來達到毒殺細菌的效果以降低細菌轉移的現象,而非經由腸道上皮通透性之調節。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries were reported in cardiovascular diseases, abdominal surgeries, as well as septic and traumatic shock. The intestinal epithelial cells connected by tight junction act as a barrier against enteric microbes. Intestinal barrier defects associated with bacterial translocation were documented in I/R injuries and may lead to multiple organ failure. Hypoxic preconditioning (HPC was shown to protect brain and heart tissues against ischemic insults. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of HPC in preventing intestinal I/R-induced mucosal injuries and bacterial translocation.
Wistar rats were either raised in normoxic atmosphere at 760 mmHg (Groups 1, 2, and 3)or in a hypobaric chamber (380 mmHg) for 21 consecutive days with 17 hrs/day for HPC (Groups 4, 5 and 6). These normoxic or HPC rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal controls, sham-operated controls and I/R treatment groups. I/R rats received occlusion of superior mesenteric artery(SMA)for ischemia occlusion for 20 minutes of ischemia and one hour of reperfusion. After the surgeries, intestinal tissues were collected for the assessment of morphology, neutrophils staining, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and cytokine-unduced induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1(CINC-1) protein level. Homogenized spleen and liver were cultured on McConkey and fresh blood agar plates for analysis of bacterial translocation as an indicator of barrier defects. To measure intestinal transepithelial permeability, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques were utilized to detect the transport of luminally administered contrasting agent, gadodiamide, into the liver and kidney in rats following I/R treatment. In rats raised in normoxic air, I/R treatment induced significant shortening of the length of intestinal villi, and epithelial cells at the villi tip were sloughed off in the jejunum and ileum. Intestinal barrier defects and epithelial permeability changes following I/R were evidenced by increased bacterial colony forming unit(CFU)counts in the liver and spleen, as well as heightened MRI intensity in liver, compared to those in sham controls. Moreover, jejunal MPO activity and CINC-1 protein level were increased suggesting neutrophil recruitment and activation as a response to I/R. Rats that were exposed to HPC prior to I/R showed a reduction in structural damages in the intestinal mucosa and lowered bacterial counts in internal organs compared to those in normoxic I/R groups. Therefor, these findings suggest partial protection against I/R-induced intestinal injuries by HPC. Moreover, elevated MPO activity and CINC-1 level in the intestine were found in the HPC I/R rats compared to those in normoxic I/R group. However, the enhanced transport of gadodiamide from intestinal lumen to liver induced by I/R was not ameliorated by HPC. In summary, intestinal I/R resulted in mucosal damages and epithelail barrier defects associated with increased bacterial translocation in rats, and these I/R-induced intestinal structural and functional abnormalities were ameliorated by prior exposure of animals to HPC. This protective mechanism exerted by HPC may be attributed to enhanced neutrophil infiltration and bactericidal effect against the translocation bacterial, but not by modulation the transepithelial permeability of the intestine. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-13T00:22:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-96-R94441003-1.pdf: 2104476 bytes, checksum: 6cda19f2873be28469f132d900278e77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 中文摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I
英文摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------III 中英文縮寫名詞對照表----------------------------------------------------------------------------V 一.前言--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 1.腸道解剖構造---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 1-1 腸道生理及物理屏障功能--------------------------------------------------------------------1 1-2 化學性屏障----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1-3 免疫性屏障----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 1-3.1 巨噬細胞(macrophage)------------------------------------------------------------------4 1-3.2 多型核嗜中性白血球(polymorphnuclear neutrophils)-------------------------5 1-3.2.1 嗜中性白血球毒殺細菌之機轉--------------------------------------------------------5 1-3.2.2 嗜中性白血球趨化吸引分子-----------------------------------------------------------7 1-3.2.3 穿透作用與嗜中性白血球活性之關係----------------------------------------------8 2.腸道缺血再灌流-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 2-1 缺血再灌流對於組織之傷害----------------------------------------------------------------10 2-2 腸道屏障功能之喪失--------------------------------------------------------------------------10 2-3 腸道發炎現象------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 3.低氧預處理(hypoxic preconditioning, HPC)-------------------------------------------13 4.本實驗之研究目的--------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 二.研究材料及方法----------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 1.實驗動物---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 1.1 常氧(normoxic air)動物之模式---------------------------------------------------------16 1.2 低氧預處理 ( hypoxic preconditioning;HPC )之動物模式----------------------16 2.缺血再灌流(ischemia/reperfusion,I/R)之手術過程------------------------------17 3.手術流程---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 4.實驗動物分組--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 5.組織處理及分析-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 5.1 腸道上皮組織通透性測定.------------------------------------------------------------------18 5.1.1 Ussing chamber-----------------------------------------------------------------------------18 5.1.2 腸道上皮組織通透性測定-----------------------------------------------------------------19 5.2 利用核磁共振影像magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)技術 探討腸道通透性之變化-----------------------------------------------------------------------------20 5.3 細菌轉移測定(bacterial translocation assay)---------------------------------------21 5.4 組織切片及染色----------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 5.4.1 檢體的製備--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22 5.4.2 蘇木紫-伊紅染色(hematoxylin and eosin staining,H&E stain)--------------22 5.4.3 腺窩深度相對絨毛長度比值之測定(crypt to villi ratio, C/V ratio)-----------22 5.4.4 組織損傷評估(histological damage scoring)--------------------------------------23 5.5 發炎程度之指標:腸道組織骨髓過氧化酵素活性之分析---------------------------23 5.6 腸道組織中嗜中性白血球染色( neutrophil staining)---------------------------------25 5.7 大鼠腸道組織嗜中性白血球細胞趨化因子含量測試---------------------------------25 6. 統計分析---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26 三.實驗結果---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27 1.缺血再灌流對於腸道組織構造之影響--------------------------------------------------------27 1.1 腸道組織型態-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27 1.2 腺窩深度相對絨毛長度比值------------------------------------------------------------------28 1.3 腸道切片組織外觀評分計量------------------------------------------------------------------28 2.缺血再灌流造成之腸道發炎反應---------------------------------------------------------------29 2.1 骨髓過氧化酵素活性之測量-------------------------------------------------------------------29 2.2 腸道中嗜中性白血球分佈位置和數目-----------------------------------------------------30 2.3 嗜中性白血球細胞趨化因子(CINC-1)在腸道中之表現---------------------------30 3.缺血再灌流導致腸道上皮細胞屏障之缺損--------------------------------------------------31 3.1 腸道細菌轉移至體內之現象-------------------------------------------------------------------31 3.2 利用核磁共振技術偵測內臟之影像強度,觀察腸道通透性之變化---------------32 3.3 腸道上皮細胞對HRP通透性之變化---------------------------------------------------------32 4.低氧預處理(hypoxic preconditioning, HPC)對於腸道缺 血再灌流傷害之影響-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------33 4.1 低氧預處理對於大鼠之體重並無顯著之影響--------------------------------------------33 4.2 低氧預處理對腸道組織構造之改變---------------------------------------------------------34 4.2.1 腸道組織型態:低氧預處理可減少黏膜組織損傷情形----------------------------34 4.2.2 腺窩深度相對於絨毛長度之比值----------------------------------------------------------35 4.2.3 低氧預處理對於缺血再灌流腸道組織外觀影響之分數計量----------------------35 4.3 低氧預處理對於發炎反應之改變------------------------------------------------------------36 4.3.1 低氧預處理提升組織中骨髓過氧化酵素活性總量----------------------------------36 4.3.2 低氧預處理導致嗜中性白血球的分佈更趨向絨毛頂端----------------------------36 4.3.3 低氧預處理顯著增加缺血再灌流之腸道組織CINC-1蛋白含量------------------37 4.3.4 低氧預處理可以降低細菌轉移之現象---------------------------------------------------37 4.3.5 利用核磁共振影像攝影技術觀察到低氧預處理並不影響空腸之通透性-----38 4.3.6 低氧預處理並不影響大分子HRP之通透速率----------------------------------------38 四.討論----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40 五.圖表----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50 六.參考文獻---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------77 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 低氧預處理改善腸道缺血再灌流所引發之細菌轉移和屏障受損現象:其保護機轉之探討 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Bacterial
Translocation and Barrier Defects are Ameliorated by Hypoxic Preconditioning | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 95-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 陳朝峰(Chau-Fong Chen),董明倫(Ming-Luen Doong) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 缺血再灌流,低氧預處理,細菌轉移,嗜中性白血球,骨髓過氧化酵素, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | ischemia/reperfusion,hypoxic preconditioning,bacteria translocation,neutrophil,myeloperoxidase, | en |
dc.relation.page | 90 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2007-07-27 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 醫學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 生理學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 生理學科所 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-96-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 2.06 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。