成為有用的人--身心障礙者就業與數位機會

Abstract

本文從數位機會的論述出發，探討資訊通信科技(Information and Communication Technology, ICT)對於身體與空間的取代，在身心障礙者投入就業市場「成為有用的人」的過程中，其能做與限度。在這個過程中，ICT是一個重要的新工作技能，因我們必須探問三個問題：ICT技能習得的過程、ICT與工作的關連以及工作的意義。 立基於上述三個提問之上，本文藉由對障礙者生命史的考察，探討ICT介入的危機情境對個人想像的轉變，就業場景中的社會分類與個人心智圖式的對應關係，以及在就業過程中追尋的「他者」與「另有選擇」。 在介入情境中，區分「價值危機」與「工作危機」兩種情境，討論使用ICT的起始動力的差異，而持續動力則和就業場景中ICT技能的用與廢相關。障礙者身體條件規定著「居家」或「外出」的就業類型，在這樣的條件下，對就業市場「制度保障」或「市場競爭」兩種規範邏輯之一的偏向，反映主觀心態的差異，因而個人從事的就業類型呈現一定的穩定度。藉由觀察三種流動類型，探問在制度結構下的個人能動性。最後，藉由障礙者對工作的不同追尋，呈現三種層次的「有用的人」的圖像。 從流動的案例發現，ICT在個人不同生命環節造成的轉折，呈現數位落差的正反饋現象，從跨越到近用的起點差異，終至與過去的自己的區隔。並且CT在其中扮演著促發走出家門動力的要角。障礙者與ICT的交會，提供了我們反思ICT與空間之間的關係，以及就業政策對「有用的人」定義侷限的機會。

Starting form the discourses of digital opportunity, this thesis intend to enquire how the ICT (Information and Communication Technology), in substitution for body and space, play a role in the process of “becoming a useful person”, taken by person with disabilities. During this process, the ability to use ICT is an important new skill for work. Three questions are indispensable: How do they acquire the skills? What is the relation between ICT and work? What is the meaning of a work? Base on these three questions, by means of inspecting the life history of persons with disabilities, this thesis try to discuss how the ICT transform the self imagination of a person in the situation of crisis, how the correspondence is between social divide and the mental scheme of a person, and what the “other” and “alternity” they pursuit during the process of employment. In the situation that ICT was adopted, we separate two kinds of crises, “crisis of value” and “crisis of work”, in order to discuss the differences in dynamic of starting to use. And the dynamic of continue to use is related to the use and non-use of the ICT skills conditioned by the scene of employment. The conditions of body of a person with disabilities determine the type of employment, either “at home” or “outside”. Under this condition, the preference for “protection from regulations” or “market competition” reflects the differences in mentality. So that the type of employment taken by a person seams constant to some extent. By means of inspecting three types of mobility between types of employment, we want to examine the agency of a person under the conditioning of structure. And finally, we propose three levels of image of “a useful person.” From the cases of mobility between types of employment, we find out that the adoption of ICT which makes turning points in moments of one’s life, shows the positive feedback effect in regard to digital divide. The encounter of person with disabilities with ICT, gives us a chance to reconsider the relation between ICT and space, and the limited meaning of “a useful person” the policy of employment defined.