臺灣草苺栽培之過去與前瞻

Abstract

草苺（Fragaria × ananassa）在台灣冷涼之秋冬季時，於日光充足、無雨而有灌溉條件的中北部地區均可栽培，是冬半季市場上極受歡迎的果品。且草苺是具有高營養及經濟價值的水果，在台灣是少數具有能與外來水果競爭的種類。 本文目的在經由對草苺產業的全面性了解，認知台灣草苺生產之特色與立足點。由於國內尚無完整之草苺產業相關著作，本文彙整草苺相關重要文獻，敘述探討草苺之植物學特性 - 包括植株生育特性及分佈、分類及形態特徵，國外之栽培歷史 – 包括起源傳播與品種之沿革，世界上草苺栽培之情形 – 產業規模及主要栽培方法，到台灣草苺產業發展之歷史、自然環境特色、栽培規模及分佈，並詳細紀錄台灣草苺之生產方法，另外並統計近代台灣與日本草苺相關研究組成。 以草苺生產之歷史悠久地區及先進國家為借鏡，並根據台灣之自然條件、社會人文發展、研究發展等特色，探討就栽培技術及未來產業形態如何的改進和適地發展，以及將來產業之展望。 本文實為草苺產業文化之彙整，蒐集並整理和草苺產業面相關之重點。

Strawberries（Fragaria × ananassa）are able to be cultured around north and mid-Taiwan where are abundant sunlight and irrigation, and less rainfall in winter in Taiwan. Strawberries are popular fruits in winter-time. And strawberries are fruits with high nutrition quality and economic value and with competitveness to imported fruits. The objective of this paper is to realize the feature and foothold of strawberry industry of Taiwan by all-around knowledge of strawberry industry all over the world. Due to the lack of complete writings about the strawberry industry in Taiwan, this paper is an attempt to overview and coordinates important information about strawberries. Descriptions and discussions of botanic characteristics include plant biology and distribution, categorization, and structural and development characteristics. The foreign history of strawberries includes domestication and spread, and development of species and cultivars. The situation of strawberry industry includes scales and the main cultural systems. And the history of strawberry cultivation in Taiwan, characteristics of natural environment, the development and distribution have also been discussed. And the cultural system in Taiwan is also recorded completely. The studies and experiment about strawberry in Japan and Taiwan have been compiled statistics and evaluated. Following the regions and countries that the cultivation of strawberry is historical and with advanced researches, and according to the natural conditions, development of culture and society, and scientific researches and development of Taiwan, to discuss the improvement of cultural techniques and the development of industry in the future. This paper in meant to be an over all description, overview and coordination of strawberry industrial culture, and all the various aspects of strawberry science and culture.