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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 陳正平(Jen-Ping Chen) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Chung-Kai Wu | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 吳鍾愷 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-12T18:15:42Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2007-12-31 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2007-09-03 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2007 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2007-08-29 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | 陳秋菊，2002：海洋層積雲邊界層過度至信風積雲邊界層之動力探討。台大大氣科學研究所碩士論文，71頁。
蘇世顥，2001：海洋層積雲邊界層之海氣交互作用。台大大氣科學研究所碩士論文，106頁。 羅敏輝，2001：氣懸粒子與層積雲的交互作用，122頁。 Albrecht, B. A., 1989: Aerosols, Cloud Microphysics, and Fractional Cloudiness, Science, 262, 226-229. Ackerman, A. S., O. B. Toon, and P. V. Hobbs, 1993: Reassessing the dependence of cloud condensation nucleus concentration on formation rate. Nature, 367.3, 445-447 _____, _____, J. P. Taylor, D. W. Johnson, ______, R. J. Ferek, 1997: Effects of Aerosols on Cloud Albedo: Evaluation of Twomey’s Parameterization of Cloud Susceptibility Using Measurements of Ship Tracks Baker, M. B., 1993: Variability in concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei in the marine cloud-topped boundary layer. Tellus, 45B, 458-472. ____, and R. J. Charlson, 1990: Bistability of CCN concentrations and thermodynamics in the cloud-topped boundary layer. Nature, 345, 142-145. ____, R. G Corbin, and J. Latham, 1980: The influence of entrainment on the evolution of cloud droplet spectra: I. A model of inhomogeneous mixing. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 581-598. Böhm, J. P., 1989: A general equation for the terminal fall speed of solid hydrometeors. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2419-2427 Bohren, C. F., B. A. Albrecht 1998: Atmospheric thermodynamics. Oxford. 402 pp. Bouncher, O., and U. Lohmann, 1995: The sulfate-CCN-cloud Albedo effect: a sensitivity study using two general circulation models. Tellus, 47B, 281-300. Chen, C., and W. R. Cotton, 1987: The physics of the marine stratocumulus-capped mixed layer. J. Atmos. Sci. 44, 2951-2977 Chen, J.-P., and D. Lamb, 1994: Simulation of cloud microphysical and chemical processes using a multicomponent framework. Part I: Description of the microphysical model. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2613-2630 ____, and ____, 1999: Simulation of cloud microphysical and chemical processes using a multicomponent framework. Part II: Microphysical evolution of a wintertime orographic cloud. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2293-2312 ____, and Liu S. T., 2004: Physically based two-moment bulkwater parametrization for warm-cloud microphysics, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 51-78 Capaldo, K. P., P. Kasibhatla, S. N. Pandis, 1999: Is aerosol production within the remote marine boundary layer sufficient to maintain observed concentrations? J. Geophys. Res. 104, 3482-3500 Duynkerke, P. G., A. G. M. Driedonks, 1987: A model for the Turbulent structure of the stratocumulus-topped atmospheric boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci, 44, 43-67 Feingold, G., S. M. Kreidenweis, B. Steven, and W. R. Cotton, 1996: Numerical simulations of stratocumulus processing of cloud condensation nuclei through collision-coalescence. J. Geophys. Res., 101, D16, 23, 391-21,402 Fu, T.-M., 2002: Microphysical Stability Analyses in the Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layer. M.S. these, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, 123 pp. Gerber, H., 1996: Microphysics of marine stratocumulus clouds with two drizzle modes. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1649-1662. Haywood, J., and O. Boucher, 2000: Estimates of the direct and indirect radiative forcing due to tropospheric aerosols. A review. Rev. Geophys., 38, 4, 513-543 Hegg, D. A., and P. V. Hobbs, 1982: Measurements of sulfate production in natural clouds. Atmos. Environ.,16, 2663-2668. Heymsfield, A. J., 1993: Microphysical structures of stratiform and cirrus clouds. Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions, P. V. Hobbs, Ed., Academic Press, 1-31. IPCC, 2001: Climate Change 2001: The Science Basis. Contribution of Work Group I to Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Houghton, J. T., Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, and C. A. Johnson, Eds. Cambridge University Press, 881 pp. IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Work Group I to Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This Summary for Policymakers was formally approved at the 10th Session of Working Group I of the IPCC, Paris, February 2007. 18 pp. Kogan, Y. P., M. P. Khairoutdinov, D. K. Lilly, Z. N. Kogan, and Qingfu Liu, 1995: Modeling of stratocumulus cloud layers in a large eddy simulation model with explicit microphysics. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2923-2940 Kuo, H.-C., and W. H. Schybert, 1988:Stability of cloud-topped boundary layers. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 114, 887-916 Lilly, D. K., 1968: Models of cloud-topped mixed layers under a strong inversion. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 94, 292-309 Liu, Y., and P. H. Daum, 2004: Parameterization of the Autoconversion process.Part I: analytical formulation of the Kessler-type parameterizations. J. Atmos. Sci. 61, 1539-1548 Liu, Y., P. H. Daum, R. McGraw, and R. Wood, 2006: Parameterization of the Autoconversion process. Part II: Generalization of Sundqvist-type parameterizations. J. Atmos. Sci. 63, 1103-1109 Lu, M-.L., J. H. Seinfeld, 2005: Study of the aerosol indirect effect by Large-Eddy Simulation of marine stratocumulus. J. Atmos. Sci. 62. 3909-3932 Martin, G. M., D. W. Johnson, and A. Spice, 1994: The measurement and parameterization of effective radius of droplets in warm stratocumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1823-1842. Nicholls, S., 1984: Thhe dynamics of stratocumulus: aircraft observations and comparisons with a mixed layer model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 110, 783-820 ____, and J. Leighton, 1986: An observational study of the structure of stratiform cloud sheets: Part I. Structure. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 431-460 Raes, F., F. V. Dingenen, E. Cuevas, P. F. J. V. Velthoven. And J. M. Prospero, 1997: Observation of aerosols in the free troposphere and marine boundary layer of the subtropical northeast Atlantic: discussion of processes determining their size distribution. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 21,315-21,328 Rogers, R. R., and M. K. Yau 1988: A short Course in Cloud Physics. 3rd edition. Butterworth Heinemann. 290 pp. Seinfeld, J. H., and R. C. Flagan, 1999: Aerosol-cloud interactions and indirect forcing IGAC newletter, 17, [http://www.igac.unh.edu/newsletter/igac17/cloud.html] ____, and S. N. Pandis, 1998: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change. John Wiley & Sons, 1326 pp. Toon, O. B., 1995: Modeling the relationships between aerosol properties and the direct and indirect effects of aerosols on climate. Aerosol forcing of climate, R. J. Charlson and J. Heintzenberg, Eds., John Wiley & Sons, 197-213 Taylor, J. P., and A. S. Ackerman, 1999: A case-study of pronounced perturbations to cloud properties and boundary-layer dynamics due to aerosol emissions. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 2643-2661 Twomey, S., 1974:Pollution and the planetary albedo. Atmos. Environ. 8, 1251-1256 ____, 1991:Aerosol, clouds and radiation. Atmos. Environ. 25A, 2435-2442 Whitby, K. T., 1978: The physical characteristics of sulfur aerosols. Atmos. Environ., 12, 135-159 Wood, R., C. Bretherton, C. Fairall, L. G. Klenner, S. Esbensen, Graham Feingold, R. Garreaud, B. Huebert, D. Leon, C. R. Mechoso, J. McWilliams, A. Miller, O. Pizarro, J. Rutllant, J. Snider, K. Takahashi, R. Weller, H. Wijesekera, S. Yuter, S. Doherty, 2006: VOCALS-SouthEast Pacific Regional Experiment (REx). Scientific program overview. 40 pp. Vong, R. J., and D. S. Covert, 1998: Simulataneous observations of aerosol and cloud droplet size spectra in marine stratocumulus. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2180-2192 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/27690 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 本研究分析海洋層積雲邊界層雲凝結核(CCN)數量濃度(NCCN)之穩定態，以及毛毛雨效應對此穩定態的影響，並診斷總雲水含量與雲凝結核數量濃度間的函數關係，以瞭解Twomey第一與第二間接效應。方法為建立0維海洋層積雲邊界層模式，假設海洋層積雲邊界層均勻混合，則雲滴與CCN數量濃度的平衡受到CCN產生項、氣懸粒子布朗碰併、雲滴粒子自我收集、雲滴碰併成雨滴、雨滴粒子收集雲滴和氣懸粒子等過程控制；雲水含量的變化則考慮毛毛雨移除效應與海表面蒸發量提供之水氣。本研究引用Fu2002年提出的氣懸粒子參數法和Chen and Liu 2004年提出的雲微物理參數法處理以上的過程。
計算結果發現NCCN具有兩個平衡態：較低的平衡態由雲滴粒子自我收集過程和CCN產生項平衡而得；較高的平衡態則主要由氣懸粒子布朗碰併和CCN產生項平衡而致。此兩平衡態幾乎是分別存在，只有在特定的CCN產生速率( S )和相對於特定海溫的海表面蒸發狀態之下才能同時存在。此雙平衡態之存在，造成NCCN穩定態變化的遲滯效應：在S（或海溫）由低值逐漸升高時NCCN由低穩定態跳躍到高穩定態的點，與S（或海溫）由高值降低時NCCN由高穩定態跳躍到低穩定態的點不同。在加入毛毛雨移除雲水的效應時，遲滯效應變得較不明顯。 海洋層積雲邊界層的總含水量和降雨量會隨NCCN變化。較低的NCCN將對應較高的毛毛雨，總含水量與雲水含量因而降低，使雲層較薄。但NCCN降低並無法使雲層無限變薄而破碎，因雲層過薄也會使毛毛雨效應停止。高NCCN時因為降水終止使雲水增多，可能導致雲生命期變長及雲覆蓋面積增加，此結果呼應氣懸粒子第二間接效應。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-12T18:15:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-96-R94229003-1.pdf: 2985321 bytes, checksum: 279f0d010922e2010dbf7b2253cd4782 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………... i
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………... ii 目錄…………………………………………………...……………………………… iv 圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………... vii 表目錄……………………………………………………………………………….. x 第一章 前言………………………………………………………………………...1 第二章 海洋層積雲邊界層分析…………………………………………………... 5 2.1 STMBL的結構與分布……………………………………………………... 5 2.2 STMBL 的粒子性質………………………………………………………. 6 2.2.1氣懸粒子性質……………………………………………………….. 6 2.2.2 雲粒子性質………………………………………………………… 7 2.2.3 雲凝結核粒子性質………………………………………………… 8 2.3 雲微物理過程…………………………………………………………….. 8 2.4 總水含量、逸入作用與毛毛雨效應…………………………………….. 9 2.5 STMBL 0維模式回顧…………………………………………………….. 11 2.5.1模式構想(Baker 1993) …………………………………………….. 11 2.5.2 雙穩定態…………………………………………………………… 11 2.5.3 遲滯效應…………………………………………………………… 12 2.6 小結………………………………………………………………………... 14 第三章 雙矩量STMBL 0維模式…………………………………………….......... 16 3.1 模式架構…………………………………………………………………... 16 3.1.1 相當位溫( )………………………………………………………. 17 3.1.2 總水含量( )與雲水含量( )…………………………………….. 17 3.1.3 CCN數量濃度…………………………………………………… 21 3.2 微物理過程參數法………………………………………………….. 21 3.3 STMBL影響各過程設定……………………………………………….. 22 3.3.1 CCN產生項………………………………………………………… 22 3.3.2 Brownian Coagulation……………………………………………… 23 3.3.3 雲內機制與雨滴…………………………………………………… 23 3.3.3.1 Self-collection………………………………………………… 23 3.3.3.2 Autoconversion、雨滴相關過程與毛毛雨設定 …………… 24 3.3.3.3 Accretion……………………………………………………… 25 3.3.3.4 Scavenging…………………………………………………… 27 3.3.3.5 蒸發與降水移除……………………………………………. 28 3.4 小結……………………………………………………………………….. 29 第四章 結果與討論……………………………………………………………….. 31 4.1固定雲水含量（同 Baker, Fu）…………………………………………. 31 4.2毛毛雨效應……………………………………………………………….. 31 4.2.1平衡點……………………………………………………………… 31 4.2.2 Q與層積雲厚度變動……………………………………………… 32 4.2.3遲滯效應…………………………………………………………... 33 4.2.4 比較：Fu(2002) ……………………………………………………. 34 4.3其他參數影響…………………………………………………………….. 35 4.3.1水氣產生項：海表面蒸發………………………………………….. 36 4.3.1.1平衡點………………………………………………………… 36 4.3.1.2曲線形狀變動與遲滯效應…………………………………… 36 4.3.1.3海鹽…………………………………………………………… 39 4.4結論……………………………………………………………….. 40 第五章 結論與未來工作…………………………………………………………. 42 5.1結論………………………………………………………………………… 42 5.2 未來工作………………………………………………………………….. 43 參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………. 46 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | 海洋層積雲邊界層 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 氣懸粒子間接效應 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 雲水含量 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 氣懸粒子 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 雲凝結核 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 毛毛雨效應 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | cloud water content | en |
| dc.subject | Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layer | en |
| dc.subject | CCN | en |
| dc.subject | aerosol | en |
| dc.subject | drizzle effect | en |
| dc.subject | Twomey indirect effect | en |
| dc.title | 海洋層積雲邊界層中總水含量之微物理定性分析 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Microphysical Stability Analyses of Total Water Content in the Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layer | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 95-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 郭鴻基,柯文雄,劉紹臣,王寶貫 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 海洋層積雲邊界層,氣懸粒子間接效應,雲水含量,氣懸粒子,雲凝結核,毛毛雨效應, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layer,aerosol,Twomey indirect effect,drizzle effect,cloud water content,CCN, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 98 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2007-08-30 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 理學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 大氣科學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 大氣科學系 | |
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