批次酒精蒸餾器的溫度控制

Abstract

蒸餾的研究應用廣泛使用於近代的各類形式酒精蒸餾器，但直到現在，應用於烈酒蒸餾的領域中，壺型蒸餾器仍舊是批次蒸餾形式中最佳的機型，在壺形蒸餾器中使用鵝頸來自然冷卻回流製做出優良的烈酒，本實驗中不同於其他蒸餾器將表面設計成絕熱狀態，而是利用一個填充塔蒸餾器的結構來改善壺形蒸餾器，填充塔蒸餾器提供大量的接觸表面作為較好質傳效果，而且設計成可以控制蒸餾器的區段溫度，以達到類似壺形蒸餾器的操作方法，蒸餾器設計成擁有一套溫度控制系統，而蒸餾塔的空間也被分割成四個區塊，每個區塊都有環繞著水套，溫度控制系統利用水套溫度來控制蒸餾器各區塊的溫度值，系統利用溫度感測器（PT100）來量測水溫，並使用圖控制語言LabVIEW來完成溫度控制，系統控制結果可以讓蒸餾器的每個區塊的溫度維持與其設定目標值相差1.5℃，論文中還利用熱傳與質傳來推導蒸餾塔的數學模型，並用Simulink程式來模擬，數值模擬所得到的結果與實驗資料吻合，此初步的數學模型可用來作為設計控制的基礎，以縮小溫度控制系統的控制誤差。

Although distillation has been extensively studied and resulted in various types of modern distills. But up to now pot still is still considered as the best type of batch still used in spirits distillation industry. Goose neck (Alembic) on top of the pot is the enrich section in the still, natural cooling privies reflux that is crucial to quality of spirits. It is very different to other industrial distiller that usually with an adiabatic enrich section. In our laboratory a packed bed distiller was design and constructed to be the improvement for pot still. The packed bed distiller provided great amount of contact area for better mass transfer effects, and controllable temperature field to be similar to pot still operating conditions. In this thesis the temperature control system for the distiller was design and studied. The enrich section of the distiller was divided into four stages; each stage was surrounded with water jack to control the operation temperature to the setting values. The operating temperature in each section was measured with a PT100 thermal couple, and the temperature was controlled by a virtual controller programmed with LABView. The control system could maintain the temperature in each section to the set goal within the error of 1.5℃. A mathematical model based on heat and mass transfers in distiller was developed and implemented with Simulink program. The numerical simulations gave consistent results to experiment data. Based on this primary study to use the mathematical model to design a better control schema for the system to minimize the control error was suggested.