伯利恆之星（Ornithogalum saudersiae Bak.）種球貯藏條件之探討

Abstract

本試驗主要探討貯藏條件對伯利恆之星貯藏腐敗率及定植後生長與開花影響。取台大山地農場梅峰本場於2006年1月中旬採收之伯利恆之星（Ornithogalum saundersiae Bak.）種球作為試驗材料。種球先於簡易塑膠布溫室內曝曬六週，再置於13至15℃相對溼度35至45％冷藏庫內兩個月，於2006年五月份開始進行試驗。 伯利恆之星種球經10℃、15℃、20℃及25℃冷藏庫貯藏4、10及14週後顯示， 10℃貯藏10週後種球腐敗率為59.4％，14週後則為62.5％，應不適於貯藏。整體而言， 20℃貯藏者經14週貯藏後腐敗率仍為0％，為最佳貯藏溫度。 伯利恆之星種球經10℃、15℃、20℃及25℃貯藏4、10及14週貯藏後，經解剖觀察顯示，各溫度貯藏於14週內芽體皆為花芽型態。經30週貯藏後，20℃及25℃貯藏者即有60％消蕾，15℃貯藏者則無。各溫度處理貯藏34週之後皆有消蕾現象， 15℃貯藏者為20％。因此20℃及25℃貯藏時間僅適於14週以內，而15℃則為30及34週貯藏較佳之溫度。 伯利恆之星種球以10℃、15℃、20℃及25℃冷藏庫貯藏4、10及14週後，定植於台北、春陽及梅峰，調查生長及開花性狀。結果顯示經20℃及25℃貯藏後在葉片數或葉片長度平均生長速率均較10℃及15℃貯藏多及快。在開花率方面，開花率會隨著貯藏時間增加而逐漸下降。其中以貯藏14週後定植於梅峰者，開花率最低。整體而言，20℃貯藏14週內於各地區種植皆能維持ㄧ定開花率，而10℃貯藏者開花率最低。總小花數無論貯藏時間及種植地區皆以20℃貯藏後於台北地區種植者最多。整體而言，伯利恒之星開花所需天數會隨著貯藏溫度下降以及種植海拔高上升而增加，總小花數則會隨著貯藏溫度降低，貯藏時間增加及種植海拔高度上升而下降。 伯利恆之星種球依重量分為大（90-120 g）、中（60-90 g）及小（30-60 g）球後進行貯藏，觀查種球大小對伯利恆之星開花率及萌芽率的影響，結果顯示種球大小對萌芽率無影響。種球經貯藏14週後開花率依種球大小分別為75％、60％及40％，並且達到顯著差異。顯示伯利恆之星種球經14週貯藏後，開花率會隨著種球變小而下降。在花梗長度方面，種球大小與花梗長度無顯著差異，但有隨著種球變大而增長。而總小花數在試驗時間內皆以大球最佳。 UV-C照射處理方面，伯利恆之星種球經0 KJ/m2、0.5 KJ/m2、1 KJ/m2及2 KJ/m2 4種強度UV-C照射後，分別貯藏於10℃及15℃冷藏庫內。10℃處理組於貯藏14週時腐爛率已達80%，至30週已全部腐爛，但無發霉情形。15℃貯藏者於貯藏30週後無種球腐爛情形，但有種球乾枯現象，顯示UV-C照射於10℃貯藏溫度無法抑制種球腐敗。 伯利恆之星種球經481天長期貯藏後，經解剖觀察種球內芽體發育情形顯示花芽比率為60％、葉芽則為40％。2007年10月13日定植130顆種球於台大精密溫室，至2008年1月4日僅有5顆抽花梗，最早者於2007年11月3日開花，花梗長則為78㎝，其餘4花梗長分別為121㎝、102㎝、134.5㎝ 及97㎝ ，至2008年1月4日尚未開花。

This research was to study effect of storage condition on bulbs rotten rate during storage and the effect on growth and flowering rate after planting. The bulbs of Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum saundersiae Bak.) were harvested from Taiwan university Mei-Feng farm in the mid of January 2006, and dry in the sun in plastic greenhouse for six weeks, finally stored at 13-15℃, relative humidity 35-45% cool room for two months before experiment. Star-of-Bethlehem bulbs were stored at 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, and 25℃ respectively for 4, 10, and 14 weeks, the rotten rate at 10℃ after 10 weeks storage was 59.4％ and 62.5% for 14 weeks storage , while rotten rate of 20℃ after 14 weeks storage were 0％, it shows that 10℃ is not the suitable temperature for bulbs storage and 20℃ is the best storage temperature for bulbs storage within 14 weeks. Star-of-Bethlehem bulbs were stored at 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, and 25℃ respectively for 4, 10, and 14 weeks, it was observed after anatomized that the buds of all treatments were all flower buds. Abortion rate were 60% for treatment by 20℃ and 25℃ after 30 weeks storage. After 34 weeks storage all treatments had abortion bud, the least abortion rate was 20% for 15℃ treatment. Therefore, 20 ℃ and 25℃ was suitable only for 14 weeks storage and 15℃ was the best storage temperature for 30 to 34 weeks storage at this experiment. Star-of-Bethlehem bulbs were stored at 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, and 25℃ respectively for 4, 10, and 14 weeks, then planted at Taipei, Chun-Yang farm, and Mei-Feng farm, 20 and 25 ℃ treatment exhibited more number of leaf and faster leaf growth rate than 10℃ and 15℃ treatment . Flowering rate would decline with storage days. After 14 weeks storage, Mei-Feng farm had the lowest flowering rate . 20℃ storage for 14 weeks could maintain acceptable flowering rate, and 10℃storage had lowest flowering rate. Bulbs treat by 20℃ storage then planted in Taipei exhibited the most number of total florets . In general, days to flowering of star–of-Bethlehem decreased with storage temperature drop and increased with altitude of plant area rising. The number of total florets decreased with storage temperature drop and with storage time increasing and with altitude of plant rising. Bulb sizes of Star–of-Bethlehem were divided into 3 sizes by weight, big（90 to 120 g）, middle（60 to 90 g）, and small（30 to 60 g）before storage, to discuss the effect of bulb sizes on germinating rate and flowering rate. Result exhibited that bulb sizes had no relation with germinating rate. Flowering rate of 3 sizes bulbs after 14 weeks storage were 75％, 60％, and 40％ respectively, and there was significant difference. It shows that the lower flowering rate, the smaller bulb size had after 14 weeks storage. The length of stalk grew with bulb sizes being bigger and big bulbs had the most total florets during 14 weeks storage. Bulbs of Star–of-Bethlehem were treat with 0 KJ/m2, 0.5 KJ/m2, 1 KJ/m2, and2 KJ/m2 UV-C, then stored respectively at 10 and 15℃ cool room. Rotten rate at 10℃ storage after 14 weeks was 80％. Bulbs were all rotten after 30 weeks storage. Bulbs were not rotten for 4 intensity UV-C treatments after 30 weeks storage at 15℃ .UV-C treatment had no effect on decreasing bulb rotten rate at 10℃ storage temperature. Star–of-Bethlehem bulbs after 481 days storage, there was 60% flower bud and 40% leaf bud being observed. 130 Bulbs were planted at 2007/11/3, only 5 stalk observed at 2008/1/4.The earliest date for the bulb to flowering were 2007/11/3, stalk length was 78 cm, the other 4 stalk length were 121㎝, 102㎝, 134.5㎝, and 97㎝ respectively, did not flower till 2008/1/4.