被建構的原住民族傳統領域-Skadang與Xoxos部落的個案研究

Abstract

部落地圖繪製的目的乃希望透過空間關係為媒介，經由部落集體地圖繪製的過程，將部落過去的傳統文化與生態知識紀錄下來，且透過部落地圖的繪製成果，甚至可作為與公部門談判時之法律基礎。因此，可知部落地圖繪製本身便具有聲稱主權之目的性，然而在過去卻經常忽略當繪圖者若已立基於帶有其目的性之前提下進行部落地圖繪製時，繪製結果便可能會受到此目的的影響。本文經由太魯閣族Skadang與Xoxos部落之傳統領域調查個案，本文透過公眾參與式地理資訊系統進行部落地圖繪製，並以地名分析方法解析部落地圖的內容，發現在該部落的傳統地名裡出現大量的人名地名，再以背景分析、比較分析與個案分析論證部落地圖最後的繪製結果中，除了歷史面與空間面的呈現外，亦會受到當下之社會環境與文化脈絡的影響。

The purpose of community mapping is to record the traditional culture and ecological knowledge of tribes on a geographical base. The final product of community mapping can be used as evidence when negotiating with the government. Therefore, drawing the map implies the power to claim sovereignty. However, some map drawers might abuse this power and twist the result for their own interests.This article shows the case study result of Skadang and Xoxos tribes’ traditional territories. After using the public participation geographic information system to draw a map and evaluating the map with place-name analyzing method, I found that a lot of people’s names appear in traditional geographic names. Besides, after documentary analysis, comparative analysis and case study analysis, I discovered that community map reveals not only the tribe’s history but also its contemporary social and cultural environment.