應用社會網絡理論於國際企業內部知識分享網絡 及國際企業外部知識流網絡之分析

Abstract

本論文以社會網絡理論為研究出發點，將國際企業分成企業內部與企業外部兩個層面，藉由實證分析及社會網絡分析方法，討論知識網絡以及網絡位置對國際企業的影響。在國際企業內部網絡的層面，藉由建立知識分享網絡，討論何種網絡關係和網絡位置會影響外顯或內隱知識的分享；另外，在國際企業外部層面，利用專利權授權及被授權的資料庫，建立國際企業外部的知識流網絡，將專利權細份為四種授權形式，討論知識流對網絡位置以及企業績效的影響，並進一步討論知識仲介者在知識流網絡所扮演的角色及其影響。 本論文研究目的是希望藉由社會網絡的方式，找出國際企業知識分享與知識流更有效率及更關鍵的因素為何，實證研究結果發現，在國際企業內部的知識分享網絡中，諮詢網絡關係會對外顯知識分享產生影響，而友誼網絡關係則部份會影響外顯與內隱知識的分享；在國際企業外部的知識網絡方面，不同的知識流會影響企業在網絡中所佔據的位置，知識流會影響國際企業的績效，而知識仲介者的確會影響企業績效，不同的知識仲介者類型也會對企業績效產生影響。 本論文的研究結果證實網絡關係與網絡位置的重要性，並且能提供學術及實務界作為參考，如果國際企業能在此知識關鍵的時代，掌握自己本身的內部網絡關鍵位置，並清楚自己在國際企業外部所佔據的網絡位置，就能進一步根據自身的網絡關係與網絡位置，對知識的分享與知識流的建立產生影響，使企業能透過網絡概念的建立，更有效率的建立自身的優勢。

This dissertation is based on social network theory; we separate the MNE into intra-and-inter dimensions. By empirical analysis and social network analysis method, we discuss if knowledge network and network position will have influence on MNE. In intra-MNE dimension, we build up a knowledge sharing network and we discuss which network relation and network position affect explicit / tacit knowledge sharing. In addition, in inter-MNE dimension, we take use the patent citation database to build an inter-MNE knowledge flow network. We also divide patent citation into four patterns. We discuss if knowledge flow and patent citation will have influence on network position and MNE’s performance. Moreover, we talk more about the influence and the role brokerage plays in a knowledge flow network. The research goal of this dissertation is that we hope to explore the critical factors which have influence on MNE’s knowledge sharing and knowledge flow. From the empirical result, we find that in intra-MNE dimension, advice relation will have influence on explicit knowledge sharing through centrality position. And friendship relation will partially have influence on explicit and tacit knowledge sharing through degree centrality. In inter-MNE dimension, different knowledge flow and patent citation pattern will have influence on network position. And network position will have influence on MNE’s performance. At the same time, knowledge brokerage in a knowledge-based network will have influence on MNE’s performance by different brokerage types. The empirical result from the dissertation support our assumption that network relation and network position are important. And the result also gives some suggestions for both academic study and also business. In this knowledge-based age, if MNE can easily understand its position in a knowledge-based network, then MNE can take good use of its advantage position and have some positive influence on its performance.