請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/2684
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 蘇以文(I-Wen Su) | |
dc.contributor.author | Hsueh-Min Hsu | en |
dc.contributor.author | 許學旻 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-13T06:48:37Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2018-07-30 | |
dc.date.available | 2021-05-13T06:48:37Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2017-09-14 | |
dc.date.issued | 2017 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2017-08-28 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Ainsworth-Vaughn, N. (1995). Claiming power in the medical encounter: the whirlpool discourse. Qualitative Health Research, 5(3), 270-291.
Aronsson, K., & Rundström, B. (1988). Child discourse and parental control in pediatric consultations. Text, 8, 159–184. Aronsson, K., & Rundström, B. (1989). Cats, dogs, and sweets in the clinical negotiation of reality: On politeness and coherence in pediatric discourse. Language in Society, 18(4), 483-504. Aronsson, K., & Sätterlund-Larsson, U. (1987). Politeness strategies and doctor-patient communication. On the social choreography of collaborative thinking. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 6(1), 1-27. Baker, P. S., Yoels, W. C., Clair, J. M., & Allman, R. M. (1997). Laughter in triadic geriatric medical encounters: a transcript-based analysis. Social Perspectives on Emotion, 4, 179-210. Beisecker, A. E. (1989). The influence of a companion on the doctor-elderly patient interaction. Health Communication, 1(1), 55-70. Beisecker, A. E. (1990). Patient power in doctor-patient communication: What do we know?. Health Communication, 2(2), 105-122. Beisecker, A. E., & Beisecker, T. D. (1993). Using metaphors to characterize doctor--patient relationships: Paternalism versus consumerism. Health Communication, 5(1), 41-58. Beisecker, A. E., & Moore, W. P. (1994). Oncologists’ perceptions of the effects of cancer patients’ companions on physician-patient interactions. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 12(1-2), 23-39. Binbin, Z. (1999). Asymmetry and mitigation in Chinese medical interviews. Health Communication, 11(3), 209-214. Brake, R. J. (1969). Pendants, professors, and the law of the excluded middle: On sophists and sophistry. Communication Studies, 20(2), 122-129. Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1978). Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena. Questions and politeness: Strategies in social interaction (pp. 56-311). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage (Vol. 4). New York, NY: Cambridge university press. Burgoon, M., Parrot, R., Burgoon, J. K., Birk, T., Pfau, M., & Coker, R. (1990). Primary care physicians' selection of verbal compliance-gaining strategies. Health Communication, 2(1), 13-27. Byrne, P. S., & Long, B. E. (1984). Doctors talking to patients. A study of the verbal behaviour of general practitioners consulting in their surgeries. London, England: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Candlin, C. N., Maley, Y., & Sutch, H. (1999). Industrial instability and the discourse of enterprise bargaining. Talk, Work and Institutional Order, 323-50. Cegala, D. J. (1997). A study of doctors’ and patients’ communication during a primary care consultation: Implications for communication training. Journal of health Communication, 2(3), 169-194. Chaitchik, S., Kreitler, S., Shared, S., Schwartz, I., & Rosin, R. (1992). Doctor‐patient communication in a cancer ward. Journal of Cancer Education, 7(1), 41-54. Chandler, D. (2002). Semiotics: the basics. London, England: Routledge. Chapple, A., Campion, P., & May, C. (1997). Clinical terminology: anxiety and confusion amongst families undergoing genetic counseling. Patient Education and Counseling, 32(1), 81-91. Charles, C., Whelan, T., & Gafni, A. (1999). What do we mean by partnership in making decisions about treatment?. British Medical Journal, 319(7212), 780. Charles, C., Gafni, A., Whelan, T., & O’Brien, M. A. (2006). Cultural influences on the physician–patient encounter: the case of shared treatment decision-making. Patient Education and Counseling, 63(3), 262-267. Charles Claramita, M., Utarini, A., Soebono, H., Van Dalen, J., & Van der Vleuten, C. (2011). Doctor–patient communication in a Southeast Asian setting: The conflict between ideal and reality. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 16(1), 69-80. Claramita, M., Nugraheni, M. D., van Dalen, J., & van der Vleuten, C. (2013). Doctor–patient communication in Southeast Asia: a different culture?. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 1-17. Clayman, M. L., Roter, D., Wissow, L. S., & Bandeen-Roche, K. (2005). Autonomy-related behaviors of patient companions and their effect on decision-making activity in geriatric primary care visits. Social Science & Medicine, 60(7), 1583-1591. Crowe, M. (1998). The power of the word: some post‐structural considerations of qualitative approaches in nursing research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28(2), 339-344. Coe, R. M., & Prendergast, C. G. (1985). The formation of coalitions: Interaction strategies in triads. Sociology of Health & Illness, 7(2), 236-247. Coulter, A. (1997). Partnerships with patients: the pros and cons of shared clinical decision-making. Journal of Health Services Research, 2(2), 112-121. Deber, R. B. (1994). Physicians in health care management: 7. The patient-physician partnership: changing roles and the desire for information. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 151(2), 171. DiMatteo, M. R. (1991). The psychology of health, illness, and medical care. Cole. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks. DiMatteo, M. R., Taranta, A., Friedman, H. S., & Prince, L. M. (1980). Predicting patient satisfaction from physicians' nonverbal communication skills. Medical Care, 376-387. Edwards D, Potter J. (1992). Discursive Psychology. London, England: Sage. Emanuel, E. J., & Emanuel, L. L. (1992). Four models of the physician-patient relationship. Journal of American Medical Association, 267(16), 2221-2226. Epstein, R. M., Franks, P., Fiscella, K., Shields, C. G., Meldrum, S. C., Kravitz, R. L., & Duberstein, P. R. (2005). Measuring patient-centered communication in patient–physician consultations: theoretical and practical issues. Social Science & Medicine, 61(7), 1516-1528. Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and text: Linguistic and intertextual analysis within discourse analysis. Discourse & Society, 3(2), 193-217. Fisher, S. (1984). Doctor‐patient communication: a social and micro‐political performance. Sociology of Health & Illness, 6(1), 1-29. Fisher, S., & Groce, S. B. (1985). Doctor‐patient negotiation of cultural assumptions. Sociology of Health & Illness, 7(3), 342-374. Fisher, S., & Groce, S. B. (1990). Accounting practices in medical interviews. Language in Society, 19(02), 225-250. Friederichs-Fitzwater, M. M., & Gilgun, J. (2001). Relational control in physician-patient encounters. Health Communication, 13(1), 75-87. Gee, J. P. (2014). An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method. London, England: Routledge. Greene, M. G., Adelman, R. D., Friedmann, E., & Charon, R. (1994). Older patient satisfaction with communication during an initial medical encounter. Social Science & Medicine, 38(9), 1279-1288. Greene, M. G., Majerovitz, S. D., Adelman, R. D., & Rizzo, C. (1994). The Effects of the Presence of a Third Person on the Physician‐Older Patient Medical Interview. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 42(4), 413-419. Harmsen, H., Meeuwesen, L., Van Wieringen, J., Bernsen, R., & Bruijnzeels, M. (2003). When cultures meet in general practice: intercultural differences between GPs and parents of child patients. Patient Education and Counseling, 51(2), 99-106. Harvey, K., & Adolphs, S. (2012). Discourse and healthcare. In J. P. Gee & M. Handford (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of discourse analysis (pp. 470–481). New York, NY: Routledge. Haviland, M. G., Morales, L. S., Dial, T. H., & Pincus, H. A. (2005). Race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and satisfaction with health care. American Journal of Medical Quality, 20(4), 195-203. Heath, C. (1992). Diagnosis in the general-practice consultation. In P. Drew & J. Heritage (Eds.), Talk at Work (pp. 235–67). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Helman, C. G. (1984). The role of context in primary care. Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 34(267), 547-550. Henley, N. M. (1977). Body politics: Power, sex, and nonverbal communication. New York, NY: Touchstone. Hunt, E. (1955). Rhetoric as a humane study. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 41(2), 114-117. Henbest, R. J., & Stewart, M. A. (1989). Patient-centredness in the consultation. 1: A method for measurement. Family Practice, 6(4), 249-253. Ishikawa, H., Roter, D. L., Yamazaki, Y., & Takayama, T. (2005). Physician–elderly patient–companion communication and roles of companions in Japanese geriatric encounters. Social Science & Medicine, 60(10), 2307-2320. Jarrett, N., & Payne, S. (1995). A selective review of the literature on nurse‐patient communication: has the patient's contribution been neglected'. Journal of Advanced nursing, 22(1), 72-78. Karnieli-Miller, O., Werner, P., Neufeld-Kroszynski, G., & Eidelman, S. (2012). Are you talking to me?! An exploration of the triadic physician–patient–companion communication within memory clinics encounters. Patient Education and Counseling, 88(3), 381-390. Keady, J., & Nolan, M. (2003). The dynamics of dementia: Working together, working separately, or working alone. Partnerships in Family Care, 15-32. Kettunen, T., Poskiparta, M., & Gerlander, M. (2002). Nurse–patient power relationship: preliminary evidence of patients’ power messages. Patient Education and Counseling, 47(2), 101-113. Kress, G. (1990). Linguistic processes in sociocultural practice. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Kuipers, J. C. (1989). “Medical discourse” in anthropological context: views of language and power. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 3(2), 99-123. Labrecque, M. S., Blanchard, C. G., Ruckdeschel, J. C., & Blanchard, E. B. (1991). The impact of family presence on the physician-cancer patient interaction. Social Science & Medicine, 33(11), 1253-1261. Laidsaar-Powell, R. C., Butow, P. N., Bu, S., Charles, C., Gafni, A., Lam, and Juraskova, I. et al. (2013). Physician–patient–companion communication and decision-making: a systematic review of triadic medical consultations. Patient Education and Counseling, 91(1), 3-13. Lambert, B. L., Street, R. L., Cegala, D. J., Smith, D. H., Kurtz, S., & Schofield, T. (1997). Provider-patient communication, patient-centered care, and the mangle of practice. Health Communication, 9(1), 27-43. Levine, M. N., Gafni, A., Markham, B., & MacFarlane, D. (1992). A bedside decision instrument to elicit a patient’s preference concerning adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Annals of Internal Medicine, 117(1), 53-58. Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Lovett, L. M., Cox, A., & ABOU‐SALEH, M. (1990). Teaching psychiatric interview skills to medical students. Medical Education, 24(3), 243-250. Lupton, D. (1995). Perspectives on power, communication and the medical encounter: implications for nursing theory and practice. Nursing Inquiry, 2(3), 157-163. Maguire, P., & Pitceathly, C. (2002). Key communication skills and how to acquire them. British Medical Journal, 325(7366), 697-700. Makoul, G., & Clayman, M. L. (2006). An integrative model of shared decision making in medical encounters. Patient Education and Counseling, 60(3), 301-312. McKeon, R. (Ed.). (2009). The basic works of Aristotle. Modern Library. Oates, J., Weston, W. W., & Jordan, J. (2000). The impact of patient-centered care on outcomes. The Journal of Family Practice, 49, 796-804. Ong, L. M., De Haes, J. C., Hoos, A. M., & Lammes, F. B. (1995). Doctor-patient communication: a review of the literature. Social Science & Medicine, 40(7), 903-918. Potter J, & Wetherell M. (1987). Discourse social psychology. London, England: Sage. Prohaska, T. R., & Glasser, M. (1996). Patients' views of family involvement in medical care decisions and encounters. Research on Aging, 18(1), 52-69. Roter, D. L., Hall, J. A., & Katz, N. R. (1988). Patient-physician communication: a descriptive summary of the literature. Patient Education and Counseling, 12(2), 99-119. Ryn, M. V. (1997). Developing effective helping relationships in health education practice. Health Education & Behavior, 24(6), 683-702. Sakai, E. Y., & Carpenter, B. D. (2011). Linguistic features of power dynamics in triadic dementia diagnostic conversations. Patient Education and Counseling, 85(2), 295-298. Schilling, L. M., Scatena, L., Steiner, J. F., Albertson, G. A., Lin, C. T., Cyran, L., Anderson, R. J. et al. (2002). The third person in the room: frequency, role, and influence of companions during primary care medical encounters. Journal of Family Practice, 51(8), 685-692. Brock, B. L., Scott, R. L., & Chesebro, J. W. (Eds.). (1989). Methods of rhetorical criticism: A twentieth-century perspective. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press. Smith, A. P., & Beattie, B. L. (2001). Disclosing a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: patient and family experiences. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 28(S1), S67-S71. Smith, D. H., & Pettegrew, L. S. (1986). Mutual persuasion as a model for doctor-patient communication. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 7(2), 127-146. Smith, R. C., & Hoppe, R. B. (1991). The patient's story: integrating the patient-and physician-centered approaches to interviewing. Annals of Internal Medicine, 115(6), 470-477. Starks, H., & Brown Trinidad, S. (2007). Choose your method: A comparison of phenomenology, discourse analysis, and grounded theory. Qualitative Health Research, 17(10), 1372-1380. Stewart, M. (2001). Towards a global definition of patient centred care: the patient should be the judge of patient centred care. British Medical Journal, 322(7284), 444-445. Tannen, D. (1987). Remarks on discourse and power. In L. Kedar (Ed.), Power through discourse (pp. 3-10). Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Tannen, D. (1990). Rethinking power and solidarity in gender and dominance. Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 16(1), 519-529. Tannen, D. (1994). Gender and discourse. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Tannen, D., Hamilton, H. E., & Schiffrin, D. (Eds.). (2015). The handbook of discourse analysis. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Tannen, D., & Wallat, C. (1983). Doctor–mother–child communication: Linguistic analysis of a pediatric interaction. In S. Fisher, & A. D. Todd (Eds.), The social organization of doctor–patient communication (pp. 203–219). Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics. Tates, K., & Meeuwesen, L. (2001). Doctor–parent–child communication. A (re) view of the literature. Social science & medicine, 52(6), 839-851. Ten Have, P. (1989). The consultation as a genre. Text and Talk as Social Practice, 115-135. Tsai, M. H. (2000). Companions of elderly patients: A sociolinguistic study of triadic medical encounters in Southern Taiwan (Doctoral dissertation, Georgetown University). Tsai, M. H. (2003). Problems in identifying participant structures in medical triadic conversation. Journal of Taiwanese Languages and Literature, 1, 185-211. Tsai, M. H. (2005). Opening stages in triadic medical encounters in Taiwan. Communication & Medicine, 2(1), 53-68. Tsai, M. H. (2007a). Where do they stand? Spatial arrangement of patient companions in geriatric out-patient interaction in Taiwan. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 4(2). Tsai, M. H. (2007b). Who gets to talk? An alternative framework evaluating companion effects in geriatric triads. Communication, 4(1), 37-49. Van Dulmen, A. M. (1998). Children’s contribution to pediatric outpatient consultations. Pediatrics, 3, 563–568. Waitzkin, H. (1991). The politics of medical encounters: how doctors and patients deal with social problems. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. Waitzkin, H., & Waterman, B. (1974). The exploitation of illness in capitalist society. Werner, P., Gafni, A., & Kitai, E. (2004). Examining physician-patient-caregiver encounters: the case of Alzheimer's disease patients and family physicians in Israel. Aging & Mental Health, 8(6), 498-504. Weston, W. W., Brown, J. B., & Stewart, M. A. (1989). Patient-centred interviewing part I: understanding patients' experiences. Canadian Family Physician, 35, 147. Wolff, J. L., & Roter, D. L. (2008). Hidden in plain sight: medical visit companions as a resource for vulnerable older adults. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168(13), 1409-1415. Wolff, J. L., & Roter, D. L. (2011). Family presence in routine medical visits: a meta-analytical review. Social Science & Medicine, 72(6), 823-831. Wolff, J. L., Guan, Y., Boyd, C. M., Vick, J., Amjad, H., Roth, D. L., & Roter, D. L. et al. (2017). Examining the context and helpfulness of family companion contributions to older adults’ primary care visits. Patient Education and Counseling, 100(3), 487-494. Zaleta, A. K., & Carpenter, B. D. (2010). Patient-centered communication during the disclosure of a dementia diagnosis. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias, 25(6), 513-520. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/2684 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本研究主要關注於醫病溝通間醫師、病人與陪同者相互協商與共同建構的溝通過程。由於權力的不同導致在看診時,參與者為了達到各自的溝通目的而使用不同的禮貌策略,當有陪同者在現場時,會使問診過程更加複雜。本論文希望藉由臨床上實際醫病溝通的語料,提供一個增進醫病關係的切入點,從語言學觀點探討增進醫病溝通的可能。
醫病溝通相關研究在西方已蓬勃發展數十年,台灣的醫學教育與體系也是承襲西方醫學,然而,醫病問診中因為醫師與病人地位不平等或是權力的拉鋸,是影響醫病溝通的因素。在醫師的角度,希望能給予病患最好的治療,並增加病人遵醫囑的接受度,對於患者而言,他們想要選擇偏好的治療,或是對於病況有疑問能得到解答,雙方透過溝通來達到交換資訊與達到共同決策的目的。 本研究採用質化的方式分析語料,藉由醫病與陪同者間一步步共同構築而成的協商來探究參與者實際的溝通目的,本研究在北部一間醫學中心的眼科門診執行,總共有45位患者參與本研究,16位男性,29位女性,陪同者共有5位,2位妻子、1位先生、2位女兒與1位兒子。在台灣的社會與文化背景中,從Brown及Levinson (1978)的禮貌模型出發,著重在三個禮貌策略:直接提出要求、使用第一人稱複數來涵蓋所有參與者、避免正面回答,因為在問診過程中,參與者在給予意見與提出要求時,會為了要保護對方或自己的正反面子而會有所調整。若陪同者加入,他們會替病人問問題或是提出要求,整個問診過程會因為角色與溝通目的的不同而有所改變及調整。 本研究的目標是希望能呈現醫師與病人因為權力不平等,進而影響他們為了達到溝通目的時所使用的不同禮貌策略,透過實際語料的分析,加上台灣特殊的文化背景,提供醫療服務人員與患者一個不同的視角,從語言學的角度剖析醫病協商的現況與重要性,以期在未來達到更平等更和諧的醫病溝通與醫病關係。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | This study investigates face-to-face doctor-patient communication and aims to provide a linguistic viewpoint of doctor-patient relationships. It illustrates doctor-patient communication as a negotiated and co-constructed process between the doctor, patients, and patients’ companions. Due to their power asymmetry, the participants use different politeness strategies to achieve their communicative goals. When the patients’ companions are present, the consultation is more complex.
Researches related to doctor-patient communication have increased in the past few decades in the West. Medical education and system in Taiwan have also adapted accordingly. Studies have shown that communication between doctors and patients is influenced by their institutional power asymmetry. From a doctor's point of view, the purpose is to provide the best medical treatment for the patients. On the other hand, patients want to choose their preferred treatments. The doctor and patient parties exchange information and reach their decisions through communication. In this study, we analyze qualitatively how the doctor, the patients, and their companions co-construct communication during their negotiations. This research is conducted in an eye clinic in a medical center in Northern Taiwan. There are in total 45 patients (16 males and 29 females), and 5 companions (2 wives, 1 husband, 2 daughters, and 1 son) in this study. We explore the data by referring to Brown and Levinson’s (1978) politeness model, specifically bald recommendations, collaborative plural, and hedges under Taiwanese social and cultural factors. During the consultations, when the participants give advice or make requests, they try to protect each other’s positive or negative faces. If the family companions join the consultation, they may raise questions or make requests for the patients. The consultation is different depending on the participants involved. This research shows how the power asymmetry between the doctor and patients affects the way they use politeness strategies to achieve their communicative goals. Finally it also allows us to understand the importance of doctor-patient negotiation to create more equal and harmonious doctor-patient relationships in Taiwan. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-13T06:48:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-106-R01142010-1.pdf: 858062 bytes, checksum: 89e35b89dca6d098bc2b688e1b7e0c97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I
ABSTRACT II CHINESE ABSTRACT III TABLE OF CONTENTS IV LIST OF FIGURES V TRANSCRIPTION CONVENTIONS VI CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 MOTIVATION 5 1.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 8 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS 9 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.1 DOCTOR-PATIENT COMMUNICATION 10 2.2 POLITENESS 13 2.3 POWER 20 CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY 23 3.1 DATA COLLECTION 24 3.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 26 3.3 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 27 3.4 DATA TRANSCRIPTION 29 CHAPTER 4. POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN MEDICAL COMMUNICATION 30 4.1 STRATEGIES IN DYADIC INTERACTION 31 4.1.1 BALD RECOMMENDATIONS 32 4.1.2 COLLABORATIVE PLURAL 46 4.1.3 HEDGES 50 4.2 STRATEGIES IN TRIADIC INTERACTION 55 4.2.1 BALD RECOMMENDATIONS 56 4.2.2 COLLABORATIVE PLURAL 63 4.2.3 HEDGES 66 CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 71 5.1 POLITENESS IN MEDICAL DISCOURSE 71 5.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 74 5.3 LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE STUDIES 76 REFERENCES 78 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | 醫病溝通中之協商:以北台灣之眼科醫師為例 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Politeness in Medical Communication: A Study Based on an Ophthalmology Clinic in Northern Taiwan | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 105-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 蔡美慧(Mei-Hui Tsai),蔡宜妮(I-Ni Tsai) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 醫病言談,醫病溝通,醫師病人陪同者溝通,醫病三方溝通,禮貌, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | medical discourse,doctor-patient communication,doctor-patient-companion communication,triadic medical communication,politeness, | en |
dc.relation.page | 85 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201704175 | |
dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
dc.date.accepted | 2017-08-28 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 文學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 語言學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 語言學研究所 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-106-1.pdf | 837.95 kB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。