數位匯流時代之電視媒體管制政策

Abstract

隨著數位科技的發展，媒體的數位匯流時代早已到臨，數位匯流的基本精神是要讓國家全體民眾能夠更自由、更方便地使用各種不同形式的媒體載具，在全球化的時代中，零時差、無國界地接受、表達更多元、多樣的訊息內容，這是國家邁向現代化、跟上全球化進程的基本指標之一。 過去幾年，政府和民間企業在數位匯流的實體基礎建設上遠遠落後其他國家，電視政策管制架構更沿襲過去的舊制，無法以全新的思維面對數位匯流後全然不同的媒體樣貌，使得國家邁向數位匯流的進度停滞不前。 本研究分析台灣從1962年創立第一家商業電視台以來，在無線電視及有線電視市場的發展軌跡，都見到「市場失靈」及「政府失靈」的現象，究其原因，與政府的「管制失靈」有必然之因果關係。 另外，台灣電視媒體經營環境在近年在政府「管制失靈」下發展，更逐漸傾向「財團化」、「集團化」，與媒體近用權、公民傳播權呈現嚴重背離。 本研究在分析台灣過去電視管制政策之後，對數位匯流時代電視管制政策提出看法，主張應由公、私及第三部門協力，從行政面、社會面及經濟面三管齊下，重塑一個合適數位匯流發展的良善管制環境。

With the development of digital technology, the age of digital convergence in media has already come. The fundamental goal of digital convergence is to let all citizens use different forms of media easily and conveniently, especially receive information without border limitation and respond through diversified media more diversely in the era of globalization. That is one of the important indicators of modernization and globalization of a country. In past years, the infrastructure of digital convergence among the government and private sectors in Taiwan has fallen behind other countries, and the regulation structure of TV policy that adhered to the old form cannot meet the needs and thoughts of the new face of digital convergence, so the country’s digital development has maintained stagnant for a long time.

This study analyzes both the market and the government failure of the track of developing cable TV’s market, which happened after the first commercial TV station founded in 1962. After examined these two failures, the study has found out that there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the market failure and the government one. In addition, because of the government failure of regulation, the recent development of media and TV management environment has gradually become more like the formation of consortium and merger, which has been against the right of media-using and civic propagation.

This study provides some suggestions about the TV regulation policy in the era of digital convergence after analyzing the past TV policy in Taiwan, and claims that the public, private and the third sectors have to cooperate and corporate together, and from the administrative, social and economic ways at the same time for rebuilding a more appropriate and well-regulating environment to the digital convergence development.