臺灣原住民長篇歷史小說研究－－以漢族作者為主的觀照

Abstract

對於臺灣原住民的書寫，始自書寫者體認到原住民為臺灣人種特色之一時，便已開啟。歷史小說中作者將原住民寫入，由清際的講史小說為始，後又有日據時期的歷史小說，但其中的描述過於簡略，對原住民的描繪模糊且刻板，襲用了漢人對他族的固定描寫模式。二次戰後，臺灣漢族作者紛紛展開新文學的創作，首部原住民長篇歷史小說也於1970年誕生，自此每隔數年便有作者以原住民為題材創作歷史小說，至今傳寫不絶。 觀察漢族作者的原住民歷史書寫，其偏好題材有三，一為歷史事件，二為族群變遷，三為神秘族群。每類型的發展均有脈絡可尋，並可由書寫模式得知作者對原住民歷史的觀點。在創作取材與藝術上，作者偏好「原住民素材」，亦即有關原住民社會文化的題材，作者描述、謳歌原民文化，進而去除原住民污名。對於人物的書寫，作者刻劃的同時，表達了對原住民人物的理解和希冀。在創作意涵中，作者則在書中呈現了顛覆史觀、譴責殖民、重溯血緣、反映失落等內容，也意圖重整族群關係。 促使漢族作者投入此區塊創作的原因除了歷史政治、社會文化等外緣因素，漢族作者的同情和原罪心理，亦顯現在作品之中。至於漢族作者的代言與詮釋仍有部分疑慮待釐清，目前有兩部原住民作者的同類創作可供參照，待日後雙方於此有更多的作品時，漢族及原住民作者的書寫亦可成相互參考對照的文學體系。

As regards the writing of the Taiwanese aborigines, it starts at the writer that the aborigines are considered one of the characteristics of the Taiwanese ethnic group. The author writes the aborigines into in the historical novel from speaking historical novel in the Ching Dynasty to Japanese occupation period, but the description among them is too simple, indistinct and monotonous; and the description way inherited the Hans’ style. After the world war two, the Hans’ authors in Taiwan launch into new-vernacular literature creation. Since the first of aboriginal historical novel was born in 1970, there are aboriginal novels been created in every year. The observation of the aboriginal history written by the Hans’ nationality author has three partialities for subject matter: one is a historical incident, two is changed for the ethnicity, and three is the mysterious ethnicity. The development of every type has sequence of ideas that can be sought, and can learn author's view on aboriginal's history from the way of writing. In creating art, the author especially has a partiality for “aboriginal’s material”, namely the subject matter about aboriginal’s social culture, which describes and sings the praises of the people’s culture, and then gets rid of aboriginal's corrupt name. Regarding as aboriginal personage writing, the author also described aboriginal roles with all effort, and expressed understanding and expecting of the aboriginal personage. In creating meaning, the specific author has subverted the contents, such as history view, colonization condemned, back tracing blood relationship and losing reflected, as well as reorganization the ethnicity's relation. The reasons for pushing the Hans’ nationality author to attend the aboriginal historical novel creation are not only social culture and historical politics, but it also has sympathy and original sin psychology of the Hans’ author in their works. The representative and explanation by the Hans’ authors have some doubts to be distinguished. Until now, there are two references of the historical novel written by aboriginals' authors, hopefully, when the Hans’ and aboriginals' nationality authors have more works herein in the future, the literature system of the writing contents can be reference and comparison by each other.