國小高年級學童的身體意象及減重意圖對飲食控制行為之影響

Abstract

本研究目的即在探討影響國小高年級學童的身體意象及減重意圖對飲食控制行為之影響，以台北縣國小五、六年級學童1664人為研究對象（男生871人、女生793人），施以「兒童體型及飲食行為問卷」。結果發現：（一）學童飲食控制行為比率最高的前三項是：喝白開水（36.2％）、細嚼慢嚥（35.8％）和去肥肉和皮再吃或只吃瘦肉（28.8％）。（二）學童的飲食控制行為可聚集成三個因素，依組成內容的特性命名為「適切控制」、「節食控制」和「極端控制」。（三）1.適切控制，包括：避免吃含糖類高的食物、避免吃油炸或含油高的食物、不喝含糖飲料，只喝白開水、細嚼慢嚥、去肥肉和皮再吃，或只吃瘦肉；2.節食控制，包括：故意少吃一餐、故意吃少一點、只挑某些食物吃、不會吃到很飽、只吃菜不吃飯、很餓還是不吃東西；3.極端控制，包括：吃完東西再吐出來、吃減肥藥或瀉藥或喝減肥茶。（四）控制有影響力的因素後，身體意象及減重意圖仍可獨立解釋學童的適切與節食控制，顯示身體意象及減重意圖是影響飲食控制行為表現之重要的因素。（五）「身體意象、減重意圖、家人注意飲食程度、母親的教育程度及自覺家人對體型的看法」是預測飲食控制行為的重要變項。

This research is for observing how the Body image and intention of dieting affect the daily dietary manner of students in grade 5 and grade 6. We had 1664 students in these grades (871 boys and 793 girls) fill in the questionnaire of ‘Children’s Body image v.s. Dietary Habits”. And we found that: 1.The first three methods students use to lose weight are: to drink water instead of having food (36.2%), to eat slowly (35.8%) and leave out the fat and skin parts when eating all kinds of meats. 2.There are three types of weight managements among young students. 3.Types of weight managements: A.Reasonable diet: This includes, to avoid having carbohydrate, fried food, sugary drinks. Students tend to drink plain water only, eat slowly, and always leave out the fat and skin parts when eating meat. B.Adjustable diet: Students tend to have fewer meals in a day and less food in a meal.They pick food, for instant, to eat only vegetables. Some of them just starve themselves. C.Extreme diet: This includes, intentionally vomiting after eating, and taking dieting drugs. 4.After controlling the matters of affects, the body image and the intention to diet still can explain the weight control on one student. And this proved that the two factors are very important for dieting behaviors. 5.Body image, intention of dieting, attention on dietary behaviors in a family, and self- aware of family member’s point of view toward body figure” are the important factors to predict one’s behavior on dietary control.