大學僑生健康促進行為與生活品質之探討:以國立台灣師範大學僑生先修部學生為例

Abstract

本研究的目的是瞭解大學僑生來台就學後之健康促進行為與生活品質，並探討其個人基本屬性、健康概念與僑生健康促進行為之關係；個人基本屬性、健康概念、健康促進行為與僑生生活品質之關係以及影響大學僑生健康促進行為與僑生生活品質之相關因素。 本研究為描述相關性研究，採橫斷式研究設計。研究母群體為國立台灣師範大學林口校區僑生先修部之學生。以班級為單位集束抽樣（cluster sampling）方式，共抽取447名學生，其中有效問卷428份，佔95.7％。運用結構性問卷收集資料，問卷內容包括個人基本資料、健康概念量表、大學僑生健康促進行為量表及台灣簡明版WHOQOL-BREF問卷四大部分。收集到的資料以SPSS for windows 12.0套裝軟體進行資料統計分析：包括描述性統計、獨立樣本 t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關及逐步複迴歸分析等。 研究結果發現： 1、大學僑生之健康促進行為七個層面中以安全性健康促進行為得分最高，其次依 序為生命欣賞行為、人際支持行為、營養行為、壓力處理行為、健康責任行為 及運動行為。（1）女大學僑生之人際支持行為、健康責任行為與安全行為等分 量表有顯著高於男生，但男大學僑生的運動行為則顯著高於女生。（2）年齡與整體健康促進行為有顯著之正相關。（3）有宗教信仰的大學僑生之整體健康促進行為、營養行為、人際支持行為、健康責任行為、運動行為比無宗教信仰的大學僑生好。（4）居住在不同僑居地之大學僑生的整體健康促進行為有顯著差異。僑生之整體健康促進行為以僑居泰、緬、越者執行得最好，其次為印、菲，新、馬，執行最差的為港澳的大學僑生。（5）父親教育程度為高中的大學僑生在執行運動行為的得分顯著高於父親教育程度為國中之大學僑生，另父親教育程度為大專以上的大學僑生在執行安全行為的得分顯著高於父親教育程度為高中的大學僑生。（6）大學僑生的自覺健康狀況與整體健康促進行為達顯著性正相關。 2、大學僑生之生活品質四個範疇中以生理健康範疇得分最高，其次依序為社會關係範疇、心理健康範疇及環境範疇。（1）女生的「一般健康」、「心理健康範疇」、「環境範疇」及「整體生活品質」得分顯著低於男生。（2）有宗教信仰的大學僑生之「綜合生活品質」、「一般健康」及「環境範疇」的得分顯著高於無宗教信仰的大學僑生。（3）居住在不同僑居地之大學僑生的整體生活品質、一般健康生活品質、生理健康範疇、環境範疇皆有顯著性差異。顯示泰、緬、越及印、菲僑生的生活品質在一般健康、環境生活品質範疇得分顯著高於港、澳及新、馬僑生。新、馬僑生在生理健康範疇得分顯著高於印、菲大學僑生。（4）父親教育程度為大專以上的大學僑生在生活品質總量表得分顯著高於父親教育程度為國中的大學僑生。且父親教育程度為大專以上的大學僑生在心理健康範疇得分亦顯著高於父親教育程度為高中的大學僑生。（5）大學僑生的自覺健康狀況與生活品質總量表皆達顯著性正相關。 3、大學僑生的健康概念、健康促進行為與生活品質得分皆達顯著性正相關。 4、健康概念、自覺健康狀況、宗教信仰、僑居地為大學僑生健康促進行為之重要預測變項，其可解釋22.1％的大學僑生健康促進行為之總變異量。健康促進行為、健康概念、自覺健康狀況及性別（男生）為大學僑生整體生活品質之重要預測因子，其可解釋34.7％的大學僑生整體生活品質之總變異量。 本研究結果有助於瞭解大學僑生來台就學後之健康促進行為與生活品質。同時可提供僑生及學校衛生工作人員在進行僑生同學的健康教學及規畫健康促進活動時之參考依據。

The purpose of this study is to understand the health promotion behaviors and quality of life of overseas Chinese university students and to investigate the relationship between demographic data, health concept, health promotion behaviors and quality of life, and to explore the predictors of health promotion behaviors and quality of life. A cross-sectional, descriptive and correlation design was used and 447 students of National Taiwan Normal University were selected by cluster sampling methods, and 428 valid questionnaires were received with a response rate of 95.7%. There were four sections in the questionnaire such as demographic data, general health concept, overseas Chinese university student’s health promotion behaviors, and WHOQOL-BREF. All data collected were analyzed by methods such as descriptive statistics, Independent-samples t- test, One-way ANOVA, Scheff’s method, Pearson's Correlation and Stepwise multiple regression with SPSS 12.0 Software. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Safety was ranked the most important health promotion behavior followed by life appreciation, interpersonal support, nutrition, stress management, health responsibility and exercise. (1) The score of interpersonal support, health responsibility and safety subscale of female overseas students were significantly higher than that of male but were lower in the exercise behavior than male students. (2) Age was positively related to health promotion behavior. (3) Students who have religious belief score significantly higher in overall health promotion behavior, the nutrition behavior, the interpersonal support behavior, the healthy responsibility behavior, the exercise behavior than those who do not have religious beliefs. (4) There are significant differences between nationality and overall health promotion behavior. Those who perform better in overall health promotion behaviors by the nationality are ranked as follow, overseas Chinese students from Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam perform the best, followed by students from Indonesia, Philippine, Singapore, Malaysian, Hong Kong and Macao’s performance were ranked last. (5) Students whose father education level is at high school have higher score in exercise behavior than those whose the father education level is at middle school; those whose father education level belong to college have higher score in safety behavior than those whose father education level is at high school. (6) Perceived health status was positively related to health promotion behavior. 2. In the four domains of quality of life, overseas Chinese university students scored highest in physical health domain, followed by social relationship domain, physiological domain and environmental health domain. (1) The score of general health, physiological health domain, environmental domain and total score of quality of life of female overseas students were significantly lower than that of male students. (2) Students who have the religious belief have significant higher score in overall quality of life, general health and environmental domain than those who do not have religious beliefs. (3) There are significant differences between nationality and overall quality of life, general health, physiological domain and environmental domain. Overseas Chinese students from Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam have higher score in general health and environmental domain than Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore and Malaysian; overseas Chinese students from Singapore and Malaysian have higher score in physiological domain than Indonesia and Philippine. (4) Those whose father education is at college level have higher score in total score of quality of life than those whose father education is at middle school level; those students whose father education is at college level have higher score in physiological domain than those father whose education level is high school. (5) Perceived health status was positively related to total score of quality of life. 3. Health concept, health promotion behavior were positively related to quality of life. 4. Health concept, Perceived health status, religious belief and nationality were the significant predictors of health promotion behavior among overseas Chinese students which explained 22.1% of variance. Health promotion behavior, health concept, perceived health status and sex (male student) were the significant predictors of overseas Chinese students’ quality of life which explained 34.7% of variance. Results from this study could help to understand health promotion behavior and quality of life of overseas Chinese students, and to provide overseas Chinese students and the school health promotional staff as a reference when planning for health promotion activities for overseas Chinese students.