科技保護措施立法之研究

Abstract

西元一九九六年，世界智慧財產權組織在經過一百六十個會員國代表協商後，於瑞士日內瓦簽訂世界智慧財產權組織著作權條約（WCT）及世界智慧財產權組織表演與錄音物條約（WPPT）。其中一個主要議題圍繞著科技保護措施，究竟著作權法是否應該提供相關的法律保護？會員國代表最後達成共識，並制訂於WCT第十一條以及WPPT第十八條之中。依照條約規定，締約國應提供充分的法律保護以及有效的法律救濟，以禁止規避有效的科技保護措施。 西元一九九八年，美國總統柯林頓簽署數位千禧年著作權法（DMCA）。DMCA實際運用的結果，為數位內容提供者創造了著作權以外的排他權，亦即接觸著作的權利。於是，在反規避條款的運作之下，代表著作權利人以及消費者利益的天平大幅傾斜，而偏向著作權利人一方。 本文先由WIPO條約出發，藉由文獻分析、各國立法例比較、相關案例探討及國際近期趨勢觀察，以著作權科技保護措施之立法為核心，共蒐集美國、加拿大、歐盟、德國、法國、日本、中國大陸及澳洲等國關於科技保護措施之法規，加以整理歸納。其次，並針對我國著作權法加以檢討，包括主管機關於二００六年發佈的「著作權法第八十條之二第三項各款內容認定要點」，並提出相關建議。最後，本文總結科技保護措施立法的各種樣態，試圖提出較能平衡公利與私益的體系架構。

In 1996, WIPO delegates form 160 countries negotiated and concluded two treaties, the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT). The question whether to afford legal protection to Technical Protection Measures (TPMs) was one of the items considered. The consensus was ultimately reflected in Article 11 of the WCT and Article 18 of the WPPT. Contracting Parties shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures. In 1998, President Bill Clinton signed the US Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) into law. DMCA effectively created an additional exclusive right for content providers and authors: controlling access to a work. Anti-circumvention rule dramatically tilted the scale of balance between authors’ interests and consumers’ interests so strongly in favor of the authors. This thesis takes a brief look though WIPO Treaties implementation survey and other related documents to examine the legal framework surrounding TPMs in the United States, Canada, European Union, Germany, French, Japan, China, Australia, and Taiwan. The thesis also considers Taiwan Copyright Act (including Directions Defining the Content of the Subparagraphs of Paragraph 3 of Article 80-2 of the Copyright Act in 2006), and makes some recommendations about these laws.