制度、資源及公司治理如何影響高科技企業的國際市場進入策略?

Abstract

此論文解釋關於制度如何以資源和公司治理，塑造高科技企業進入國際市場的策略。本研究介紹母國與當地制度知覺的距離作為關鍵要素，來決定企業策略的抉擇：以總公司當地的抉擇及以子公司進入模式和持股程度的抉擇。通過母公司對宏觀制度的知覺和其微觀的資源以及公司治理，包括正規和非正規的制度，我們相信制度辦法能提供一個有前景的途徑，讓我們對進入策略有更深入的了解。 本研究的制度距離分為調整、規範及認知層面。每一個層面考慮許多方面。調整制度包括國家效率、開放、競爭和法規以及勞動法規。規範制度包括當地管理方法以及態度與價值觀念。認知制度所代表的是總公司和子公司的文化差異以及過去的進入策略。 本研究的對象是至少進入過國際市場一次的電子和電腦產業方面的台商。研究方法是屬於定量和定性，包括幾個個案研究。結果顯示，制度知覺的距離對選擇當地國家和進入策略的影響在各層面內及各層面彼此之間不一樣。此外，制度知覺的距離不僅直接決定進入策略，而且還作為母公司的屬性與進入策略的中介。 本研究擴展了進入國外市場現有的文獻，由結合關鍵制度考慮。影響進入策略的決策，不僅是企業的資源，而且還有制度及公司治理的要素。實務上，本研究提供準則給高科技企業制定和實施其進入策略。我們認為，本研究將是一個研究從新興工業化經濟體的高科技企業進入策略的榜樣。最後，本研究的結果將有利於政府推動和促進外國直接投資。

This dissertation explains how institutions shape the foreign market entry strategies of hi-tech firms with respect to their resources and corporate governance. The perceived institutional distances between the home and the host country were introduced as the critical factor in determining the firm’s strategic choices, at the corporate level, on the choice of the host country and at the subsidiary level, on the choice of entry mode and equity level. By bridging the parent firm’s perception of the institutions at the macro level as well as its resources and corporate governance at the micro level and encompassing both formal and informal institutions, we believe that an institutional approach offers a promising way to advance our understanding of the entry strategies. Institutional distances in this study were classified into regulative, normative, and cognitive dimensions. Each of these institutions took into account many aspects, state efficiency, openness, competition and regulations, as well as labor regulations for the regulative institution, and management practices as well as attitudes and values for the normative institution. The cognitive institution was represented by the cultural distance and the past entry strategies at both corporate and subsidiary level. The research context was Taiwanese firms in electronics and computer industry that had made at least one foreign market entry. Quantitative and qualitative method including several case studies was employed. The results indicated that the perceived institutional distances did influence the choices of the host country and the entry strategies. The influence was varied within and across the institutional dimensions. Further, the perceived institutional distances not only directly determined the entry strategies but also acted as a mediator between the parent firm’s attributes and the entry strategies. This study extends the literature in foreign market entry by incorporating the critical institutional consideration. The strategic decisions pertinent to entry strategies are driven not only by the corporate resources, but also by the institutions and corporate governance. Practically, this study provides a guideline for high-tech firms in formulating and implementing their entry strategies. We believe that this study would be a role model for analyzing the entry strategies of firms from newly-industrialized economies. Finally, the results of this study would be beneficial for the government to institutionalize its economy in such a way to facilitate and promote foreign direct investments.