自然公園志工環境識覺之研究-以關渡自然公園為例

Abstract

本研究主要目的在於瞭解關渡自然公園志工的參與動機與環境識覺，並探討不同屬性志工對關渡自然公園的參與動機、環境態度與環境識覺的差異。 早期台灣自然資源的經營管理往往是由政府主導，常產生政府與民眾間資源管理上的衝突，因此國際間開始重新檢視保育的策略，近年來國內環境保育的經營管理策略，已日漸重視民眾參與的議題。『自然公園』有別於自然保護區，它提供自然資源保育的功能，更提供了公共開放空間，可以使人們有進一步親近自然的場所，透過實際瞭解的體驗，達到環境教育的目標。本研究以關渡自然公園為案例，以現地問卷調查、參與觀察與實地訪談的方式收集資料，並予以分析關渡自然公園不同屬性志工的參與動機與環境識覺的關係。 關渡自然公園從2001年12月1日起由社團法人臺北市野鳥學會以自負營虧、百分之百回饋方式負責經營管理，展現出民間社團希望能凝聚志工的力量共同對這塊土地的環境保育實際參與的行動，因此志工扮演著相當重要的角色。志工以自願、利他與關懷自然的態度投入在關渡自然公園的濕地環境保育工作，在過程中體驗到濕地的環境價值，進而藉由行動來維護自然公園的環境生態，達到保育的目標。本研究調查分析研究發現如下： 1.關渡自然公園的志工教育程度均高，主要參與組別以導覽解說、環境維護為主，選擇在假日服務的次數最多，以居住在臺北市為主。 2.關渡自然公園的志工參與動機以『喜愛大自然』、『想要為環境盡一分心力』的因素最為強烈。 3. 關渡自然公園的志工普遍認為關渡自然公園的濕地環境是獨特的，具有保育、觀賞與研究的價值，同時可以提升當地居民的環境品質。 4. 透過單因子變異數分析的結果顯示，不同屬性的志工在參與動機、關渡自然公園的環境識覺方面皆有顯著差異。 本研究的相關成果希冀能給相關自然公園經營管理者從事志工管理與組織運作之參考。

The purpose of this study is to understand the Guandu Nature Park volunteers participation motivation and environmental perception, and to explore the relationships between the different characteristics of the Guandu Nature Park volunteers and participation motivation and environmental perception. Taiwan’s natural resources management is often led by the government. 'Nature Park', which is different from the nature reserve, conserves natural resources and serves as public space as well. In this way, people have the chance to be close to the nature. The goal of environmental education will be achieved through personal experiences. In this case study, we can find the relationships between the different characteristics of the Guandu Nature Park volunteers and participation motivation, environmental attitudes and environmental perception by using questionnaires, observation and interviews. Since December 1, 2001, Guandu Nature Park has been managed by the Wild Bird Society of Taipei. Volunteers devote themselves to the conservation of the Guandu Nature Park's wetlands. They realize the value of the wetlands; furthermore, they take actions to protect the environment of the Guandu Nature Park's wetlands. The finding results are: 1.Guandu Nature Park volunteers with high education mainly participate in tour groups, environmental preservation. They prefer to serve on holidays and mainly live in Taipei City. 2. “ Love of nature” and “ efforts for environment” are the main participation motivations. 3. Volunteers agreed that the wetland environment is quite unique. The wetland is valuable for conservation and research. Besides, the wetland environment can also promote the environmental quality for the local residents. 4. Through one-way ANOVA , there are significant differences between the different characteristics of the volunteers and the participation motivation and environmental perception. We hope the results of this study can provide the natural park managers to engage in volunteer management.