父母處罰對其子女的憂鬱情緒及暴力行為之影響

Abstract

為瞭解父母處罰對子女憂鬱情緒與暴力行為之影響，本研究利用兒童與青少年行為之長期發展研究（簡稱CABLE）資料庫中，2002至2005年之部分變項進行次級資料分析。CABLE計畫於2001年時的初始樣本，為台北市及新竹縣共十八所國民小學一年級和四年級的學生及家長。本研究納入分析之學生樣本為2005年進入八年級就讀的1549名學生。主要研究變項包括父母對子女的處罰及子女自陳的「憂鬱情緒」和「暴力行為」。結果發現，研究樣本在八年級時被父母以言語處罰者，其當年的憂鬱情緒會顯著受到影響。此外，不論是八年級時被處罰的程度、七至八年級被處罰的累積程度、六至八年級被處罰的累積程度，皆顯著影響研究樣本在八年級時的憂鬱情緒，顯示父母對子女的處罰是具有累積效應的。至於研究樣本的暴力行為，則未呈現父母處罰產生的影響。根據本研究結果，建議家長在管教子女時應盡量採用正面的鼓勵與支持，避免使用情緒性的言語責罵。

In order to understand the impact of parents’ punishment on children’s depression and violent behaviors variables from 2002 to 2005 of the Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-Term Evolution(CABLE) were used for secondary data analysis. The original samples of CABLE in 2001 were the first and fourth graders with their parents in 18 elementary schools which were randomly selected from Taipei City and Shicnchu County. Overall, data of 1549 students who entered the eighth grade in 2005 were analyzed. The main variables include the status of punishment by parents and children’s self-reported of having depression and violent behaviors. It was found that verbal punishment has a critical impact on children’s depression. Besides, the accumulation of punishment was significantly correlated with children’s depression. According to our results, it was suggested that parents should provide their children a positive, supportive and encouraging environment, and avoid irrational scolding while they are disciplining their children.