上博楚竹書〈容成氏〉研究

Abstract

本論文的主旨是以上博楚竹書《容成氏》為主，輔以考古、民族、神話等學科的研究成果，嘗試對竹書的文字及內容等相關問題作較深入的探討。 上博楚簡是繼郭店楚墓竹簡後，另一批大量典籍文獻類的楚簡材料，當中有許多亡佚的典籍，在學術史上的重要地位不言可喻。原簡於1994年由上海博物館從香港的文物市場購入，於2001年起，陸續發表、出版。而《容成氏》即是第二批發表的典籍之一，簡文內容主要透過古史傳說的記載，來傳達一些政治思想，是研究先秦的古史傳說及思想的重要材料。以下簡略敘述本論文各章主要內容： 第一章是「緒論」，依節逐一陳述本論文的研究動機、目的、材料、方法、步驟，並綜述目前相關的研究現況。 第二章是「《容成氏》竹書研究」。首先探討其外在形制，包括簡長、簡端、編繩、篇題位置、篇題命名、編連等。其次對內容文字研究成果進行集釋的工作，然後擇其善者從之，並附以管見，以通讀全篇簡文。 第三章是「《容成氏》古史傳說研究」。本章第一節先回顧學界對古史系統的論述，然後討論了《容成氏》及相關材料的古史系統，並利用前人的成果，來釐清簡文的古史系統。第二節針對簡文聖王與暴君的記載，先討論簡文篇章主旨，指出其反映的古史觀及主張，然後進而選擇夏啟與商湯的傳說為中心作傳說的考察。最後針對「禪讓」的歷史真相重新思考，提出另一種解釋。最後，第三節以簡文記載的部分地理問題為主，討論了「九州」與〈禹貢〉的成篇、地域性的楚文化與傳說異辭的關係、戰國時人地理想像的開展等相關問題。 第四章是「《容成氏》的學術源流」。本章主要探討其學術源流的問題。首先先解決簡文學派歸屬與性質的問題，其次分析簡文與稷下學派之間的關係。 第五章是「結論」。總結陳述本論文的研究成果，並對本文研究的成果作了檢視，指出其不足缺失之處；並展望未來，能在本文的基礎上，再繼續作更深入地研究。

This thesis is to explore the characters, contents and relevant issues of “Rong Cheng Shi” in Chu Bamboo Slips in Shanghai Museum based on the research results of archaeology, ethnology and mythology sciences. Following the bamboo slips of Guodian Chu tombs, Chu bamboo slips in Shanghai Museum are another Chu bamboo slips with abundant ancient documents that are lost for ages. Accordingly, its value in academic history can never be underestimated. In 1994, Shanghai Museum purchased the original slips from the cultural relic market in Hong Kong and publicized them consecutively since the year of 2001. Rong Chen Shi is one of the documents published in the second batch. The messages in the slips are mainly about some political thinking through the records of ancient history and legends. The following is an overview of each chapter in the thesis. Chapter One is Introduction, detailing the motivation, purpose, material, methodology and logics of this thesis and a synopsis of current relevant studies. The second chapter examines the bamboo slips of Rong Cheng Shi. First of all, it discusses the slips’ forms including the length, sides, ropes, title’s position, titles and orders of slips. Then, a synopsis on research results regarding its contents is conducted so as to select a better interpretation to be developed in this thesis. The third chapter focuses on Rong Cheng Shi’s legendary and history studies. The first section reviews previous discourses on the ancient historical system and discusses Rong Cheng Shi’s history system as well as its relevant materials. Based on previous studies, it tries to clarify the slip’s ancient historical system. Next, it addresses the motif in each section of the slips and indicates its perspective in terms of the ancient history and its argument according to the records of despots and sage kings in the slips. Accordingly, it selects Xia Qi(夏啟) and Shang Tang’s(商湯) legends as the center of the legendary study. The last is a reflection on the history of demise and a new interpretation is presented. Focusing on the geographical issues, the third section investigates the relationship among the Nine States and Yu Gong’s forming, geographical Chu culture and different legendaries on the same event, as well as relevant issues like geographical imaginations of people in Han dynasty. The fourth chapter is Rong Cheng Shi’s academic origin. The key point in this chapter is the academic origin. First, it deals with the problem of the slips’ categories and nature, and then it analyzes its relationship with Jixia schools(稷下學派). Chapter Five is Conclusion. It summarizes and reviews the research results of this study and points out the potential for further developments based on this thesis.