論國會新制下之政治資金法制改革

Abstract

選舉制度影響選舉活動之選擇，進而牽動到選舉活動中政治資金之運作與流動。單一選區兩票制強化政黨在選舉中的地位，過去在複數選區單記非讓渡投票制下呈現以候選人為主的選舉，在選制改革後轉向以政黨為主之選舉，而政治資金管制之規範主體亦應作一調整。 本研究透過動態選舉時序過程，瞭解我國選舉實務之運作問題並結合現行政治資金規範之檢討。伴隨選制改革之政治資金管制手段改革方向，乃是透過法制面與執行面進行討論。 本研究發現在新選制下選舉活動邁向政黨政治，相對應之政治資金法制的規範主體及規範內容之設計也應進行調整，伴隨選制改革之影響，同步轉為以政黨為主、候選人為輔之政治資金管制。另在公費補助層面，政黨補助門檻應降低以保障小黨權益，候選人補助應增加非金錢補助與強化選舉活動之限制，使選舉激情降溫，並讓投入選舉的各種社會資源及成本也得以降低。透過選制與政治資金法制之相互配套，如此將可更能實現政治改革理念。

The electoral system influences the choices of the activity, and then affect the operation and flow of the political finance in election. Single-Member Constituency Parallel System strengthen the position in the election of political party, Single Non-Transferable Vote System presented the election mainly rely on candidates in the past,but new electoral system present the election turn to rely on political party, at the same time the subject of political finance regime should also change . This study through dynamically election of research, understanding the problems of operation of our election and combining current normals with political finance regime. The reform of political finance regime in Single-Member Constituency Parallel System should include both legal system and administration of political finance regime. This study discover that elects the activity to march toward the party politics under Single-Member Constituency Parallel System, the codes of subject and design of the content of political finance regime should correspond the new electoral system, transfer to rely mainly on political party. In public subsidies, should reduce the threshold of political party subsidies in order to ensure the rights and interests of small parties, and also allow candidates for the non-money subsidies and strengthen the restrictions in election, to calm down the passion of election, and reduce the cost of elecion. The reform of electoral system and political finance regime at the same time, can realize the political reform idea even more.