企業資源規劃系統(ERP)對組織績效影響之研究

Abstract

摘要 本研究主要在就資源規劃系統對組織績效之影響作一探討， 之主要目的如下： 1. 嘗試建構企業資源規劃系統對組織績效之影響模式。 2. 將此影響模式進一步進行實證研究。 3. 探討促使企業資源規劃系統能充份發揮之關鍵構面與因素。 4. 研究企業資源規劃系統各關鍵因素對組織績效之影響。 研究架構則參酌Laudon&Laudon[2003]所著之Management Information Systems一書中所描述之企業與資訊系統關係之各面向-組織、 管理及科技作為基礎， 同時以功能及管理兩個方向來界定績效的構面，是以本研究之架構共分為組織、管理、資訊科技、功\\\\\\能面績效及管理面績效。 本研究之主要結論有： 1. 基本上確認了組織，管理與資訊科技此3個面向對企業在應用及導入ERP之績效影響是正相關且顯著的，同時，此一影響模式也呈現ERP對管理面績效之影響大於對功能面績效的影響。 2. 發現管理構面相對於組織績效之影響是最顯著的，其意義在於企業必須更重視管理構面的議題以提昇應用ERP所帶來的績效。 3. 促使ERP充份發揮之關鍵因素有: A. 企業負責此企業資源規劃系統導入工作之專案負責人必須有足夠的授權以管理此專案並能作必要的決策。 B. 在導入企業資源規劃系統後，組織中各使用者必須能夠容易使用此系統，以處理其日常工作。 C. 企業應能充份運用電子郵件，企業網站，員工入口網站等資訊科技進行內部溝通。 D. 在導入企業資源規劃系統後，企業應就該系統的資料進行分析以建構如關鍵績效指標(Key Performance Indicator)等資訊以支援管理面的決策。 E. 企業必須就此企業資源規劃系統對企業的意義及可能的影響與改變對相關員工進行溝通及教育的工作。 F. 企業就使用企業資源規劃系統的相關部門必須配置具代表性的成員及充份的內部人力以支持企業資源規劃系統的導入工作。

Thesis Abstract This thesis focuses on the impact of organizations’ performance after implementing an ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning) system. The objectives are to: 1. Try to construct a model and relationship to address the ERP performance impact on an organization. 2. Survey live examples as the basis to further study the details of this model. 3. Identify the key dimensions and factors that may influence the success of an ERP system. 4. Examine and map these factors to the impact and ERP system will have on an organization performance. The book 'Management Information Systems', Laudon & Laudon[2003], describes that the relationship between the enterprise and its information technology are formed of three key dimensions: Organization, Management and Technology. This thesis refers to the above theory as the foundation of the research, and includes two other dimensions. The five dimensions examined are Organization, Management, Technology and chain of command between Function-Level Performance and Management-Level Performance. The major conclusions of the thesis are: 1. The three basic dimensions - Organization，Management and Technology has positive and visible relationships with organizational performance regarding ERP system, this thesis also presents the Management-Level dimension has higher performance impact than Functional-level. 2. The most visible dimension influencing an organization performance is Management, which suggests an enterprise should focus on the Management dimension to gain more benefits from the ERP system. 3. The key performance enabling factors of ERP systems are: A. The ERP project owner should have the right authorization and can he/she make the necessary decisions. B. End users should be able to use the ERP systems in harmony with their daily operation. C. The enterprise should be able to leverage e-mail, enterprise portal and employee portal as the tool for internal communication. D. After implementation, enterprise should leverage the data generated by the ERP system to build and analyze KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) to improve the quality of or assist management related decisions making. E. The organization should communicate/educate the value of ERP with related employees and the changes the ERP will bring. F. The enterprise should assign enough resources and the right owners who really can represent his/her departments to assist the implementation of ERP project.