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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 蔡懷楨(Huai-Jen Tsai) | |
dc.contributor.author | Cheng-Yung Lin | en |
dc.contributor.author | 林正勇 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-08T05:13:11Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2006-07-20 | |
dc.date.issued | 2006 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2006-07-14 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Baldini, A., 2002. DiGeorge syndrome: the use of model organisms to dissect complex genetics. Hum. Mol. Genet. 11, 2363–2369.
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/23964 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Myf5屬於肌肉發育調控因子,其為肌肉細胞命運決定所必需。然而過去對於Myf5的研究,主要著重在軀幹肌肉的發育;對於Myf5在頭部發育時扮演的角色,則很少探討。因此,首先利用whole mount in situ hybridization的方式,來觀察myf5和myoD在斑馬魚頭部肌肉表現的情形。結果顯示myf5表現於兩組斜肌(superior oblique & inferior oblique)、側直肌(lateral rectus)、胸骨舌骨肌( sternohyoideus)以及咽弧肌肉(pharyngeal arch muscles)的前驅細胞。相較於myf5表現於有限的肌肉前驅細胞,myod則在所有的頭部肌肉前驅細胞均會表現。抑制myf5轉譯的實驗則顯示,兩組斜肌、側直肌、胸骨舌骨肌以及所有的咽弧肌的形成需要myf5的功能;然而抑制myoD轉譯的實驗則顯示,四組直肌(superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus & lateral rectus)以及腹側的咽弧肌的形成需要myod的功能。此外,在注射myf5-morpholino (MO)的胚胎中,共同注射myod mRNA,並無法拯救(rescue)抑制myf5後,頭部肌肉缺失之情形。而在注射myod-MO的胚胎中,共同注射myf5 mRNA,亦無法拯救抑制myod後,頭部肌肉缺失之情形。顯示myf5與myod在頭部軸側中胚層肌肉發育過程中並無互補(redundant)之能力,與其二者對軀幹部肌肉發育之調控具有差異。而且亦發現兩組斜肌由眼睛後方往眼睛前方遷移能力需要Myf5而非Myod。綜合上述實驗,證實Myf5與Myod在頭部肌肉發育過程中扮演各自獨立之功能,並根據實驗結果整合圖表,闡述Myf5與Myod如何參與調控斑馬魚頭部肌肉的生成。
另外,抑制myf5的轉譯,亦會導致頭形異常、頭部咽弧軟骨發育的缺失。並且在頭部dlx2、sox9與colo2a1表現之神經嵴細胞範圍會有減少現象。透過TUNEL assay實驗證實,在Myf5缺失之胚胎個體中,頭部區域會出現嚴重細胞凋亡現象。再進一步觀察Myf5缺失胚胎,發現頭部軟骨的缺失型態與胚胎個體注射fgf3-MO之結果相似。因此,在Myf5缺失之胚胎個體中,偵測fgf3與下游訊息影響基因erm與pea3之表現,均出現減少現象。並且在Myf5缺失之胚胎個體中,後腦krox20與 pax6基因表現亦受到嚴重影響,表示頭部神經嵴細胞發育之影響應源自於後腦分節的缺失。再者,在注射myf5-MO的胚胎中,共同注射fgf3 mRNA,不但可拯救後腦分節的缺失,減少角鰓骨(ceratobranchial)完全缺失的比例,更明顯減弱頭部區域細胞凋亡現象。這些證據顯示,myf5基因藉由影響fgf3訊息傳遞路徑而調控後腦分節發育。myf5 在胚胎發育早期(shield stage)表現在non-axial mesoderm位置。實驗發現,Myf5的功能缺失,會造成dorsal organizer不正常延伸擴張,造成訊息傳遞混亂,進而影響隨之而後的後腦、神經嵴細胞與軟骨的發育。因此,我們研究結果指出,Myf5在頭部發育過程中,除扮演對肌肉特化之角色,更具有調控後腦分節、神經嵴細胞與咽弧軟骨發育的功能。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | The myogenic regulatory factor Myf5 is well known as a fundamental molecule to trunk myogenesis. However, little is known about the role that myf5 plays in craniofacial development. We observed that zebrafish myf5 was detected in the primordia of the obliques, lateral rectus, sternohyoideus, and pharyngeal mesoderm cores. In contrast, myod transcripts were expressed in all head muscle precursors at later stages. Knockdown of myf5 revealed that Myf5 was required for the development of the obliques, lateral rectus, sternohyoideus, and all pharyngeal muscles, whereas knockdown of myod proved that Myod was required for the development of superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, and the ventral pharyngeal muscles. myod mRNA did not rescue the loss of the cranial muscle caused by injecting myf5-morpholino, or vice versa, suggesting that the functions of Myf5 and Myod were not redundant in head paraxial mesoderm, a finding different from their functions in trunk myogenesis. Myf5, but not Myod, was required for the forward migration of myf5-positive oblique precursors. All evidences reveal that Myf5 and Myod function independently during cranial myogenesis. On the basis of the expression patterns of myf5 and myod, we propose a model to present how Myf5 and Myod are involved in head myogenesis of zebrafish.
We show that Myf5 knockdown in zebrafish results in abnormal development of cranial cartilage. The expression of neural crests markers was dramatically reduced in the myf5 morphants. The TUNEL assay showed that apoptosis occurred significantly in the head of the myf5 morphants. Of interest, the pharyngeal arch defects found in the myf5 morphants were identical to those of the fgf3-morpholino(MO)-injected embryos, and the expression of fgf3 and its down-regulators erm and pea3 was greatly reduced in the myf5 morphants. We proved that the segmentation of the hindbrain were affected severely in the myf5 morphants due to either lost or defective expression of krox20 and pax6, indicating that the defects in the crest and arch were attributable to the disordered hindbrain segmentation. The fgf3 transcripts also were reduced in the myf5 morphants, but co-injection of fgf3 mRNA and myf5-MO1 into the embryos rescued the hindbrain patterning and the ceratobranchial cartilage defects; the apoptotic signals were also reduced. This evidence suggests that myf5 directs fgf3 signaling to mediate hindbrain development. We observed that myf5 was expressed in the non-axial mesoderm at the shield stage. Knockdown of Myf5 resulted in abnormal expansion and disorder of the dorsal organizer, which caused the defective hindbrain, crest, and cartilage development. Therefore, we propose that Myf5 plays roles in the development of the hindbrain boundary, cranial neural crest, and pharyngeal cartilage. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-08T05:13:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-95-D91243004-1.pdf: 11960319 bytes, checksum: 62351dc444308a9c1ec904b2b8e59f8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 中文摘要………………………………………………1
Abstract ……………………………………………3 Chapter I: Myogenic Regulatory Factor Myf5 and Myod Function Distinctly during Craniofacial Myogenesis of Zebrafish Introduction …………………………………………6 Materials and Methods………………………………9 Results All cranial muscles are tagged with RFP in the transgenic zebrafish line Tg(α-actin:RFP) …………………11 Expression patterns of myf5 and myod in zebrafish head muscle development …………………………………11 Functions of Myf5 and Myod in zebrafish cranial muscle development …………………………………………13 Functions of Myf5 and Myod are not redundant in cranial myogenesis, except sh, but Myf5 and Myod are redundant in trunk myogenesis ……………………………………15 Migratory cranial muscle requires myf5 but not myod …………………………………………………………16 Chapter II: Myogenic Regulatory Factor Myf5 Functions in Gastrulation and Plays a Role in the Development of Pharyngeal Cartilage, Cranial Neural Crest, and Hindbrain of Zebrafish Introduction …………………………………………19 Materials and Methods………………………………23 Results Effect of myf5 knockdown on head size, cranial cartilage formation, and cranial muscle development……25 Myf5 is required for activation of genetic programs that define the chondrogenic neural crest …………26 Myf5 knockdown results in apoptosis in the head …………………………………………………………27 Myf5 does not use endothelin-1 signaling to affect pharyngeal cartilage development ………………27 fgf3 knockdown results in defects similar to that of myf5 knockdown ……………………………………………28 Myf5 knockdown disrupts hindbrain segmentation and cranial nerve development …………………………………29 Co-injection of either myf5-gfp mRNA or fgf3 mRNA with myf5-MO1 rescues the defects in Myf5 knockdown embryos …………………………………………………………31 Myf5 is required for Spemann organizer patterning during gastrulation ………………………………………32 Discussion Regulatory networks of Myf5 and Myod during cranial myogenesis are intricate …………………………34 Myf5 and Myod function differently for craniofacial and for trunk myogenesis ………………………………35 Myf5 and Myod function distinctly during development of the dorsal and ventral cranial muscles ………36 Epistatic relationship of the zebrafish MRFs in cranial myogenesis ……………………………………………37 Myf5 is required for the migration of myogenic precursor cells …………………………………………………37 Myf5 is necessary for the development of axial and non-axial mesoderm during gastrulation ……………37 The chaotic interaction between axial and non-axial mesoderms affects cell fate determination……39 Myf5 modulates the hindbrain segmentation and craniofacial cartilage development in which fgf3 signaling pathway is down regulated ………………………………………40 The development of pharyngeal musculature is not a prerequisite for the differentiation of the craniofacial cartilages in zebrafish …………………………43 The role of Myf5 playing during craniofacial development …………………………………………………………44 The gene network of myf5 during craniofacial development …………………………………………………………45 Figures 1.Tagging all head muscles by using the transgenic zebrafish line Tg(α-actin:RFP) …………………………48 2.The temporal expression of myf5 and myod during cranial muscle development …………………………………………50 3.Myf5 is required for cranial muscle development, except the primordia of mr/ir/sr ………………………………52 4.Myod is required for the development of posterior extraocular recti and ventral branchial muscles …54 5.Myf5 and MyoD function independently to activate progenitor lineages in muscles of the head region…56 6.Loss of Myod up-regulated Myf5 expression, and vice versa, in the cranial muscle that migrated from the anterior somites ……………………………………………58 7.Myf5 is required for the forward migration of the superior oblique (so) and inferior oblique (io) primordia to the anterior eye region ………………………………60 8.Myf5 is required for the migration of the sternohyoideus (sh) primordia from anterior somites …………………62 9.A putative model to present the distinct modulation of Myf5 and Myod during craniofacial myogenesis of zebrafish …………………………………………………………………65 10.Inhibition of myf5 translation affects cranial muscle formation and cartilage differentiation and reduces head size ……………………………………………………………67 11.Myf5 knockdown embryos failed to express prechondrogenic genes and resulted in apoptosis of cranial neural crest cells …………………………………………69 12.The effect of Myf5 on the differentiation of cartilage was not dependent on the endothelin-1 signaling pathway …………………………………………………………………70 13.The defects in the chondrogenic neural crest cells of Myf5 knockdown embryos were similar to those of fgf3 morphants ……………………………………………………71 14.Myf5 identified in the hindbrain is required for segmentation …………………………………………………73 15.Co-injection of myf5-MO1 with either myf5-gfp mRNA or fgf3 mRNA rescued the defects in Myf5 knockdown embryos …………………………………………………………………74 16.The expression patterns of myf5 and myod during early and late gastrulation ……………………………………77 17.Myf5 knockdown affected the expression domain of axial mesoderm during gastrulation ……………………………79 Tables Table 1. myf5 is required for the development of superior oblique (so), inferior oblique (io), lateral rectus (lr), sternohyoideus (sh) and all arch muscles ……………82 Table 2. myod is required for the development of superior rectus (sr), medial rectus (mr), inferior rectus (ir), lateral rectus (lr) and ventral arch muscles ………82 Table 3. myf5 is required for cranial muscle and pharyngeal cartilage developments………………………83 Table 4. Rescue experiment by co-injection of mRNA and morpholino (MO)………………………………………………83 References ……………………………………………………84 Curriculum Vitae of Cheng-Yung Lin ……………………97 Publication……………………………………………………100 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | myf5基因對斑馬魚頭部發育之功能分析 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Roles of Myf5 During Craniofacial Developmnt in Zebrafish | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 94-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 鄭邑荃(Yi-Chuan Cheng),張百恩(Bei-En Chang),胡清華,黃火煉,羅時成,宣大衛 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 斑馬魚,頭部發育,基因調控,胚胎發育, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | myf5,zebrafish,craniofacial development,gene regulation, | en |
dc.relation.page | 100 | |
dc.rights.note | 未授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2006-07-17 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生命科學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 分子與細胞生物學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 分子與細胞生物學研究所 |
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