大陸銀行體系發展與台灣銀行業登陸策略之研究

Abstract

近幾十年來，金融自由化及國際化是全世界金融業發展的主軸。面對國際金融的新趨勢及加入世界貿易組織（WTO）後所面臨的競爭衝擊，銀行業務自由化與國際化勢必將成為台灣金融體系未來發展的一股潮流。而中國大陸在歷經1979年後一連串的經濟改革與逐步開放，經濟不斷成長，1992年鄧小平南巡後，更轉而建立社會主義市場經濟體系，造成社會大眾對金融服務業的需求更加蓬勃與多元化。加入WTO以後，其國內金融市場正對外商金融業逐步開放，而在金融業的先佔優勢情況下，外商銀行與大陸本地銀行正逐漸的建立起與台商的關係。從目前發展情況來看，台灣的銀行進入大陸的利基正在逐漸消失當中。 針對以上的背景，本研究先從欲進入的目標市場著手，針對中國大陸近二十多年銀行業改革的發展與演進做深入分析，並探討兩岸相關金融法令及環境的改變，以發掘適合台灣銀行業進入大陸金融市場的進入模式。本研究分析的結論認為，台灣銀行業現階段登陸策略較可採行的模式分別為：直接設立分行、入股大陸商業銀行及借道港澳進入大陸市場。然而，台灣銀行業者不論是未來透過港澳進軍大陸市場，還是直接將台灣在大陸設立的辦事處升級為分支機構，都仍將面臨法令限制及兩岸金融監理談判的問題。因此，本研究最後亦針對以非銀行主體進入大陸金融市場的模式，提出信用擔保機構、金融租賃公司及信用卡策略聯盟的看法。 最後在本研究中，針對政府的政策面及產業的實務面提出建議如下： 1. 政府政策面：(1).開放銀行業赴大陸經營的限制、(2).儘速簽訂兩岸金融監理備忘錄、(3).主動與大陸協商銀行佈點位置、(4).重視國家經濟實力的培養。 2. 產業實務面：(1).建構金融服務平台、(2).善用優勢、放遠眼光、(3).做好隨時出發的因應與準備。

In near these decades, the financial liberalization and internationalization are main directions of the financial industry’s development t in the world. Due to the new trend of international finance and the competitions faced after the accession to the WTO, banking liberalization and internationalization certainly will become the trend of financial system’s development of Taiwan in the future. Mainland China has begun financial reforms since 1979. In 1992, subsequent to Deng Xiaoping’s “southern tour”, reforms and economic growth in both, theory and policy, gained more momentum. The efforts were focused on developing a market-oriented financial system. In November 2001, Mainland China officially became a WTO member, signifying the country’s financial and trade systems were moving toward internationalization. After joining the WTO, Mainland China has to open the domestic financial market to offshore financial institutions. Taiwan banking sector have to face the advantage of the foothold expensing for local banks and the competition of head start by foreign capital banks when they are trying to build the offices in China. This paper begins from the target market first, and makes in-depth analysis to the development of banking's reform and gradual progress of Mainland China. And then discusses the changes of relevant financial decrees and environments between China and Taiwan to explore the entry modes that suiting with Taiwan banks entering the financial market in Mainland China. Through the analysis, we concluded three possible entry modes that Taiwan banking sector may adopt to facilitate operation in China: setting up the branch directly, investing in the commercial bank of China, entering the continent market via CEPA. However, no matterh entering the mainland market through Hongkong or Macro in the future, or upgrade the office which Taiwan set up in the Mainland to the branch directly, the topic of local banks setting up branch offices in the Mainland touches on financial regulations which are still under evaluation. Therefore, we bring up the way of credit guarantee instutition, financial leasing company and credit card strategy alliance in addition. Finally, we proposed the following suggestions: 1. From the government's view:(1) Open the restrictions of banking to go to China, (2) Sign “The memorandum of cross-strait finance and manage” as quickly as possible, (3) Consult with China actively, (4) Pay attention to the cultivation of the national economic strength. 2. From the banking's view:(1) Build and construct the financial service platform, (2) Utilize the advantage and farsighted views, (3) Make good preparations for going to China at any time.