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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 吳先琪 | |
dc.contributor.author | Hui-hsin Chen | en |
dc.contributor.author | 陳慧欣 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-08T05:12:38Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2006-07-27 | |
dc.date.issued | 2006 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2006-07-18 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Adriano C.D., 2001, Trace elememts in terrestrial environments. Springer, Second Edition.
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O.; Crossa, M., 2005. Trophic structure and bioaccumuation of mercury in fish of three natural lakes of the brazilian amazon. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 165, 77-94. Swanson, H. K.; Johnston, T. A.; Schindler, D. W.; Bodaly, R. A.; Whittle, D. M., 2006. Mercury bioaccumulation in Forage fish communities invaded by Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax). Environ. Sci. & Technol. 40, 1439-1446. State Of Alaska Epidemiology, 2004, Use of Traditional Foods in a Healthy Diet in Alaska: Risks in Perspective. Volume 2. Mercury. Valbona, C.; Susannah, L. S., 2005. Kinetics and mechanism if the mercury(II)-assisted hydrolysis of methyl iodide. Inorg. Chem. 44, 2570-2512. Warner, K. A.; Bonzongob, J. C. .; Rodena, E. E.; Warda, G. M.; Greenc, A. C.; Chaubeyd, I.; Lyonsc, W. B.; Arrington, D. A., 2005. Effect of watershed parameters on mercury distribution in different environmental compartment in the Mobite Alabama River Basin, USA. Science of the total environment. 347, 187-207. Watras, C. J.; Bloom, N. S., 1992. Mercury and methylmercury in individual zooplankton: Implications for bioaccumulation. Limnol. Oceanogr. 37, 1313-1318. Yang, L.; Colombini, V. C.; Paulette, M.; Zolta´n, M.; Sturgeon, R. E., 2003. A pplication of isotope dilution to the determination of methylmercury in fish tissue by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A. 1011, 135-142. Yang, L.; Zoltan, M.; Stuegeon, R. E., 2003. Determination of methylmercury in fish tissues by isotope dilution SPME-GC-ICP-MS. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 18, 431-436. Zoltan, M.; Joseph, L.; Ralph, S.; Janusz, P., 2000. Determination of methylmercury by soild-phase microextraction inductively coupled plasma mess spectrometry: a new sample introduction method for volatile metal species. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 15, 837-842. 陳石松,2004,魚類中有機汞物種和重金屬暨貝類中有機錫物種和重金屬之含量檢測,國立臺灣海洋大學博士論文。 李俊璋、王應然、孫逸民、田倩蓉、謝佳褘、蔡逸婷、許鴻獅、鋁紹宏,2004,毒性化學物質環境流布調查分析計畫,行政院環境保護署。 中央研究院,2005,台灣魚類資料庫。 中石化安順廠污染調查結果說明,2005,行政院環境保護署。 中石化安順廠區外污染調查成果,2005,行政院環境保護署。 Forese, R. and Pauly, D., 2005. Fishbase. 中石化安順廠污染專題網站 http://ww2.epa.gov.tw/SoilGW/D001/part1-4.htm U.S. National Library of Medicine, Toxnet. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mercury. http://www.epa.gov/mercury/ | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/23928 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 在受到汞污染的水體中,水產生物會經由其食物來源累積汞,進而被人們食用,對人體造成傷害。因此本研究嘗試建立預測魚肉中汞濃度的方法,藉以評估污染可能造成之風險。本研究於2005年2月至2006年3月採集底泥樣品水樣,於2005年2月及魚體樣品進行研究。
在魚體樣品分析結果中總汞濃度以海鰱最高達3.26±0.70ppm,鯔最低為0.30±0.06ppm,甲基汞濃度以海鰱最高達3.08±0.72ppm,鯔最低為0.25±0.05ppm,顯示該區魚體遭受污染,其生物對於底泥之累積因子為0.1297。 δ15N分析結果顯示魚體樣品體內δ15N之大小次序和資料庫所記載之營養階層有相當程度之差異,並且各魚種間魚體中汞濃度之含量與δ15N相關性並不明顯,但可以確定的是一般認為營養階層較高之肉食性魚類其體內易有較高之汞濃度。且發現雖然個別魚種內δ15N與汞濃度具有相關性,但卻易隨著季節有大的變化,例如冬天有較低的汞濃度。比較各魚體汞濃度及基本特性之相關性後,發現魚體體重及體長可能是影響魚體汞濃度之因子。 風險評估結果顯示以居民食用十分之一場址水產之情況下,其危害商數並未大於1,表示並無立即危害。但因魚體內甲基汞濃度仍超過魚蝦類管制標準,顯示底泥遭受汞污泥之污染,雖對於當地居民並無立即危害,但若以保守情況估計,其危害商數仍會大於1,仍建議封閉該場區並禁止捕撈水產生物。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Fishery products will accumulate mercury via their food source in contaminated water bodies, and then be consumed by people, and causing the injury to human bodies. This study is aimed to develop the method predicting the mercury concentration in fish and the human risk. The bottom mud samples, water sample, fish, specimen were collected during September 2005 to March 2006.
The results showed that the total mercury concentrations of Elops machnata was up to 3.26±0.70ppm. The concentrations of total mercury for Mugil cephalus was only 0.30±0.06ppm. However, biomagnification is not obvious. The result of δ15N analysis indicates no correlation with the trophic level base on the fish. The concentration of mercury in the fish`s body is independ of δ15N, however that the carnivorous fish of high trophic level contains higher concentration of mercury is confirmed. The mercury concentration is related to δ15N in some individual fish, but varied with season. There is lower mercury concentration in winter. Comparing the fish's mercury concentration to the basic fish's character, we found that the mercury concentration is affected by the weight and length of fish. The result of risk assessment suggest that Non-cancer Hazard Quotient (HQ) was lower than 1. There is no imminent hazard. However, the methyl mercury concentration in fish still exceeds the fish and shrimp's regulatory standard. Although the bottom residents which contains it is suggested, mercury has no danger immediate to local residents, that sealing this place and stopping harvesting the aquatic products is necessary. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-08T05:12:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-95-R93541133-1.pdf: 2680455 bytes, checksum: c99fb987ea3e4a35f26f3f78f2895564 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄
謝誌 中文摘要 英文摘要 第一章 緒論 1 1.1研究緣起 1 1.2研究目的 3 第二章 文獻回顧 5 2.1研究場址背景 5 2.1.1 中國石油化學公司安順廠簡介 5 2.1.2 汞於安順場海水儲存池污染現況 8 2.2汞的特性及對人體之影響 9 2.2.1 汞的種類物化特性 9 2.2.2不同汞物種的生物化學循環 11 2.2.3 毒性 13 2.2.4 相關法規 15 2.2.5 汞之人體暴露途徑及暴露劑量 17 2.3汞的分析方法 19 2.4汞在生態系統之分佈 26 2.5魚體汞累積之機制 28 第三章 研究方法 35 3.1研究架構 35 3.2樣品採集 37 3.2.1 底泥之採集 37 3.2.2 上層水之採集 37 3.2.3 魚體之採集 39 3.3總汞、無機汞及有機汞分析方法 39 3.3.1 藥品 39 3.3.2 樣品前處理 41 3.3.3汞及甲基汞分析方法中儀器條件之設定 41 3.3.4 定性及定量分析 43 3.3.5冷蒸氣原子吸光儀分析 (Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy)儀器設定 43 3.4其他相關檢測方法 45 3.4.1有機質分析 45 3.4.2穩定同位素分析 46 3.5風險評估 47 第四章 結果與討論 49 4.1魚體汞分析方法建立 49 4.1.1影響回收率因子之確定 49 4.1.2消化效率因子的探討 51 4.1.3標準參考樣品的分析與方法確立 52 4.2 底泥樣中汞濃度 57 4.3 水樣中汞濃度 62 4.4 魚體中汞濃度之分佈 65 4.4.1魚種特性 65 4.4.2魚體中汞物種分佈 71 4.4.5魚體中汞濃度與食性及棲所生態之關聯 86 4.4.6同地點不同季節所捕獲吳郭魚魚體中汞濃度之比較 93 4.4.7 場區內外魚體汞濃度之差異 96 4.5 汞在封閉水體生態系統中暴露途徑分析 97 4.6 人體健康風險評估 98 第五章 結論與建議 101 5.1結論 101 5.2後續研究建議 104 參考文獻.. 105 附錄…………………………………………………………………….111 附表一 底泥採樣記錄 111 附表二 CF-IRMS測定δ15N之精密度與準確度(以BF當working standard) 113 附表三 CF-IRMS測定δ13C之精密度與準確度(以BF當working standard) 114 附圖一 場區外魚體採樣位置 115 表目錄 表2-1 元素汞、無機汞、有機汞之物理、化學性質 10 表2-2國內之管制標準 16 表2-3其他國家管制標準 17 表2-4一般汞分析方法 20 表2-5經由衍生化之方式分析汞物種 24 表2-6 比較以GC-AFS, GC-AES, GC-MS分析汞 25 表2-7汞物種吸收路徑 27 表3-1 氣相層析儀設定 42 表3-2 質譜儀設定 42 表3-3 選擇離子監測設定 42 表3-4 AA pump設定 44 表4-1 分析條件實驗設計 53 表4-2 不同消化條件之實驗設計 53 表4-3 實驗條件設計 53 表4-4第一次採樣點即時監測結果 63 表4-5第二次採樣點即時監測結果 64 表4-6第一次採樣之水中總汞、SS及鹽度 64 表4-7第二次採樣水中總汞、總有機碳、硫酸鹽、SS及鹽度 64 表4-8 各魚種之型態特徵、穩定同位素分析、脂含量及含水率 67 表4-9 各魚種之棲所生態描述及食物來源 68 表4-10 魚體中汞濃度 73 表4-11 各魚種汞濃度及基本特性之相關性 82 表4-12 不同季節採樣之吳郭魚體內汞濃度 94 表4-13 廠區內、外採樣之吳郭魚體內汞濃度 96 表4-14 各魚種之危害商數 99 圖目錄 圖2-1安順廠場區之示意圖 6 圖2-2安順廠海水儲存池汞分析結果 8 圖2-3汞循環 12 圖2-4魚體累積汞機制示意圖 29 圖3-1研究架構 36 圖3-2安順廠海水儲存池採樣位置 38 圖3-3 GC/MS圖譜 43 圖4-1影響回收率因子確立之實驗回收率 54 圖4-2醋酸銅溶液加量之實驗回收率 55 圖4-3消化時間及鹼液影響之回收率 55 圖4-4溫度影響之實驗回收率 56 圖4-5 底泥中總汞濃度及其分佈 59 圖4-6 底泥總汞濃度 60 圖4-7 底泥總汞濃度及有機質含量 61 圖4-8 穩定同位素分析與資料庫營養階層比較(a) δ15N與營養階層之關係(b) δ13N與營養階層之關係 70 圖4-9 總汞濃度及甲基汞、無機汞濃度 74 圖4-10 魚種營養階層(按fishbase之順序由小(左)到大(右))及汞濃度 76 圖4-11 魚種營養階層(按δ15N由小(左)到大(右))與魚體汞濃度之關係 76 圖4-12 魚體汞濃度與δ15N之關係 77 圖4-13 各魚種汞濃度與δ15N之關係 78 圖4-14 魚體汞濃度及油脂含量之關係 83 圖4-15 魚體汞濃度及體重之關係 83 圖4-16 魚體汞濃度及體長之關係 84 圖4-17 印度牛尾魚汞濃度及基本特性 85 圖4-18 雜食性魚類汞濃度及特性 88 圖4-19 肉食性魚類汞濃度及特性 89 圖4-20 底棲性魚類汞濃度及特性 90 圖4-21 上層食性魚類汞濃度及特性 91 圖4-22 底棲肉食性魚類汞濃度及特性 92 圖4-23 第一次採樣吳郭魚汞濃度及其特性 94 圖4-24 第二次採樣吳郭魚汞濃度及其特性 95 圖4-25 不同地區魚體汞濃度及底泥濃度 100 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 汞在污染場址魚體及環境介質分佈以及生物習性影響之探討 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Distribution of mercury in fishes and environmental media of a contaminated site and the influence of biological behavior | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 94-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 曾四恭,馬鴻文,李達源 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 污染場址,汞,甲基汞,GC/MS,水產生物,營養階層, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | contamination site,mercury,methylmercury,GC/MS,fishery products,trophic level, | en |
dc.relation.page | 116 | |
dc.rights.note | 未授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2006-07-19 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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