Q方法研究志為人醫的動機-台大醫學系為例

Abstract

醫師是最受重視的職業，負責生命延續與醫療照護，不僅要求學有專精，也希望仁心仁術，專業養成與倫理薰陶都深具社會責任與期待，醫師可說是身居大任，如此也彰顯醫師有別於其他職業的特殊性所在，探究「志為人醫」的動機能了解其中的價值觀，得知究竟是何等動機因素促使這些人願意以行醫作為畢生選擇。 本研究主要運用專為探究人心的Q方法進行探索性研究，Q方法兼具質化與量化的內涵，針對複雜卻又難以述說的心理意向，能系統性的加以表露。因此本研究特運用此新穎的方法探索「志為人醫」的動機。研究對象為台灣大學醫學系一、二年級生，以小樣本立意抽樣的方式進行研究，研究結果獲得4種動機類型，分別是:「職業價值取向」、「興趣研究取向」、「家世背景取向」、「長輩主導取向」，從中分析各類型主要的價值觀，用以了解醫學生選擇以行醫作為生涯發展的重要意涵，獲悉觀念看法也闢增醫界對於準醫師們了解的管道。

The physician is the most important occupation because he plays an important role to take care human life. Professional and Medicinal ethics are also major values anticipated by society. The physician takes on a significant responsibility because the career is unique and different from all others.To understand why medical students want to become physicians is the major issue of this study. This study uses Q Methodology to unveil the psychological motivation of medical students. Q Methodology is a method used for the scientific study of human subjectivity. It has the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Application of Q Methodology is very suitable for exploring the career motivation of medical students. This study uses panel study and purposive sampling. The researcher recruited 32 National Taiwan University School of Medicine first and second year students attending this research. Finally the result concluded four categories of motivation: （1）Value of Occupation （2）Interest in Research （3）Family Background （4）Decision of Parents These classifications not only can be used to derive the major values of medical students, but also can provide the understanding of their motivation to become physicians.