五四以來幾部重要的中國文學史研究

Abstract

「五四」以來的社會文化運動，加速中國全盤現代化，一切政體制度、思想價值與文藝理論均受西潮籠罩，特別是西方學科範式的引進正式開啟了新式教育，使得文學史學科制度化。作為一種知識教育的學科課程，在教學實用的需求之下，直接刺激文學史的編寫，加上五四學人大舉翻譯西方學術理論，從根本上廓清、轉化了傳統的文學觀、文學理論與以之為研究基礎的文學史，而建立了系統科學的理論架構。當文獻解讀與論述模式改變，研究面向與理論層次亦隨之改觀，中國文學史也展現出現代的書寫型態。本文以新文學史的書寫典範──胡適《白話文學史》為論述基礎，並選取各開風氣、自成一家的鄭振鐸、劉大杰、林庚、臺靜農與葉慶炳諸作為討論範疇，觀察現代文學史承繼轉變的發展。藉由時代背景、作者思想與文本內容理論的爬梳探究，嘗試發掘諸家文學史所展現的教學性質、學術研究與文類書寫的型態，顯現其輩在「五四」精神照拂下，以文學史詮釋發明文化內涵的努力。

The social culture movements after May Fourth Movement accelerated the overall modernization of China, in which development the regimes, values, and theory of literature and art were all enveloped by western thoughts. In particular, the introduction of western studies encouraged the modernity of Chinese education and further systematized the study of Chinese literary history. As a subject in knowledge education (professionalization), the need of being pragmatic in teaching directly stimulated the writings of modern Chinese literary history. Meantime, the scholars in May Fourth Movement translated a considerable number of western academic theories, which fundamentally clarified and transformed traditional views and theories of Chinese literature and the Chinese literary history they are based on. In result, they built the theoretical framework for the systematic study of Chinese literary history. When the data interpretation and explication methods changed, the research aspects and theory depth changed. Chinese literary history thus developed its modern writing patterns. This paper based on Hu Shi Vernacular Literary History, the writing paradigm of modern Chinese literary history, and the selective works from 鄭振鐸, 劉大杰, 林庚, 臺靜農, and 葉慶炳, who also led in the era by their distinguishing features, to observe and discuss the inheritance, change and the development of modern Chinese literary history. Through the induction and reasoning of the historical background, text and philosophy of the authors, this research tried to discover the teaching characteristics, academic research styles, and writing patterns in the different versions of literary history written by individuals above-mentioned to highlight their efforts in explanation and innovation of culture context over the shining spirit of May Fourth Movement.