中共政治菁英變遷：社會學科政治菁英增加之原因、意義與現象

Abstract

大多數的學者一致認為，政治菁英構成成份的變化，可以提供一種有關歷史主流的具有決定性的特徵，因為相較於大眾，這少部分人卻能掌握國家重大政策與路線的決策，特別是在共產政權。從1980年代以來鄧小平要求幹部四化的呼聲中，中共政治菁英高度向理工學科專業人才傾斜的現象，在近年來有趨緩的情形；而社會科學專業背景的人才(包括經貿管理方面)有逐漸上升的趨勢。特別是十七大最被看好視為中共第五代領導接班人的中國國務院副總理李克強（北京大學經濟學院經濟學專業畢業，經濟學博士學位。）與國家副主席習近平（清華大學人文社會學院馬克思主義理論與思想政治教育專業畢業，法學博士學位。）他們的學科背景都是屬於社會學科的專業。 本研究的主要焦點，在於探索中共政治菁英其學科結構在近年來變遷的現象—意即高度向具有社會科學專業背景的政治菁英傾斜，以來了解這樣「政左經右」的漸進式國家發展的改革過程中，中國共產黨透過甄補具有社會科學專業憑證的政治菁英，來回應外在社會經濟環境的變遷，並且滿足國家持續發展、中共政權存續，以及發展一套具有中國特色社會主義民主理論以拓展其軟實力的需求。

Abstract Most scholars agreed that political elites constitutes component variations, which can provide decisive features in historical mainstreams ,the reason is that, compare to the general public, minority elites are to control and make decisions on major national policies, particularly in the communist regime. Since the1980s,Deng Xiaoping’s four modernizations, and has caused the tendency that science engineering professionals as political elites in China to slow down recent years；but resulted in an increasing tendency toward talents with social science backgrounds and economic management .The most promising successors of the fifth-generation leadership. For example, both vice Premier of China’s State Council, Li Keqiang (Department of Economics School of Economics graduate, doctorate in economics. and Vice President Xi Jinping (Tsinghua University, Plumanities and Social lnstitute of Marxist theory and ideological education graduate)have academic background of social disciplines. The main focus of this study is to explore the Change in the Chinese Communist political elites of disciplinary structure ,which means high inclination in political elites with such exploration can help us understand the reforming process of progressive country development.the Chinese Communist Party responded to the change of enternal socio-economic environment, In addition ,to sustain national development by recruiting political elites who were expert in social science, the Chinese Communist develop socialism with Chinese characteristics and democratic theories to expand the CCP its needs of soft power needs.