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標題: | 鳥類組織與羽毛重金屬之相關性研究-以群眾性鳥類樣品為例 Study of the correlation between heavy metal of tissues and feathers of avian by using crowdsourced avian sample |
作者: | Chieh-Yu Chan 詹婕妤 |
指導教授: | 林裕彬(Yu-Pin Lin) |
關鍵字: | 鳥類,群眾外包,重金屬,生物指標,逐步迴歸,變異數分析, avian,heavy metals,crowdsourced,bioindicator,stepwise regression,ANOVA, |
出版年 : | 2018 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 由於自然或人為活動造成重金屬存在於環境-水體、土壤及空氣之中,其中土壤重金屬透過食物鏈的方式,累積在食物鏈各營養階層之中。土壤重金屬除了對人體健康造成危害外,亦會對特定生物造成威脅,食物鏈頂端消費者,具重金屬高累積特性,可以作為重金屬的生物監測物種,本研究係以路殺鳥類作為重金屬生物監測物種。
本研究針對台灣地區七種重金屬砷、鎘、鉻、銅、鎳、鉛及鋅與兩種具代表性的鳥類-白腹秧雞(Amaurornis phoenicurus)與紅冠水雞(Gallinula chloropus),探討土壤重金屬與兩物種體內重金屬累積之分布情形。鳥類樣品透過民眾參與的方式,取得各種死因之鳥類樣品,針對兩物種體內臟器(心臟、肝臟及腎臟)、羽毛(胸羽及初羽)和骨頭(胸骨及腿骨),利用微波消化法及感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜法進行七種重金屬濃度之分析;而後,利用R軟體將鳥類路殺地點套疊台灣地區土壤重金屬污染潛勢圖,其以農試所之土壤重金屬資料為基礎,同時模擬七種重金屬可能的空間分布情境,並以環保署「台灣地區土壤重金屬含量及等級區分表」作為判定土壤重金屬污染區域之標準,評估兩物種體內重金屬與土壤重金屬之關係。 研究目的:一、量化白腹秧雞與紅冠水雞兩物種不同臟器、羽毛及骨頭之七種重金屬累積情形;二、比較重金屬濃度在不同臟器、羽毛及骨頭間之關係;三、利用羽毛預測體內組織相對應之重金屬濃度;四、比較兩物種重金屬累積與環境之間接關係。 研究結果顯示,兩物種重金屬砷主要累積於胸羽及初羽,鉻、鎳、鋅主要於胸羽累積,鎘則主要於腎臟累積,而銅主要於臟器累積,骨頭則是以鉛累積為主。在羽毛預測體內臟器、骨頭重金屬部分,顯示部分羽毛可以作為替代兩物種體內組織的重金屬指標。此外,兩物種多棲息於非污染區,且兩物種之臟器、羽毛、骨頭等組織各重金屬濃度皆未達毒害恕限值,土壤環境背景值與兩物種實驗結果相符。 為深入探討土壤與鳥類之食物鏈關係,未來將持續進行消化器官之檢測,並利用更大解析度的網格進行土壤重金屬推估,以瞭解鳥類透過食物鏈之生物種金屬累積情形,並提供未來其他鳥類或瀕臨物種之生態風險評估建立,以系統規劃方法及生態風險評估結果進行優先整治區劃設,降低鳥類受到重金屬毒害風險。 Natural and anthropogenic activities have resulted in heavy metal exposure of the environment, adversely affecting human and biodiversity health. When heavy metals in soil bioaccumulate in tertiary consumers, these specific species become biological indicators of heavy metals pollution. This research investigates bioaccumulation levels in avian and contaminant distributions in soil throughout Taiwan. Roadkill samples of two representative species, Amaurornis phoenicurus and Gallinula chloropus, were analyzed for seven heavy metals: As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Roadkill samples collected by volunteers included: internal tissues (i.e. heart, liver, and kidney);bones (i.e. sternum and femur);and feathers (i.e. breast feather and primary flight feathers). These samples were treated using a microwave digestion method and analyzed for heavy metals by ICP-MS (VG Elemental PQ3) with a solution method. Additionally, this study uses soil heavy metal concentration data provided by the Taiwan Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan to simulate spatial distributions of soil polluted with target heavy metals in Taiwan, and perform uncertainty analysis for the simulated realizations. R software were then used to combine spatial data of both avian roadkill sites and potential soil pollution sites. Sites were classified using Taiwan’s Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) classification standards, wherein, of the five classes of heavy metal soil concentrations, sites with concentration values within or above the range of the fourth class were regarded as “polluted”. Our aims are to quantify the distribution of seven metals among different tissues in Amaurornis phoenicurus and Gallinula chloropus, compare the relationship of heavy metals between different organs, feathers and bones, predict the relative concentration of heavy metals in internal tissues using feathers and compare the relationship of the heavy metal between two species and the environment. Our results indicate that high amounts of As were found to accumulate in breast feathers and primary feathers; Cr, Ni, and Zn were found to accumulate in breast feathers; Cd was found to accumulate in the kidneys; Cu was found to accumulate in hearts, livers and kidneys; and Pb was found to accumulate in the bones. Using stepwise regression, feathers were found to be indicative of internal metal burdens when analyzed against organs/bones. In addition, the two selected target species frequently inhabit non-contaminated areas, so that the concentrations of heavy metals in their organs, feathers, and bones were below the threshold limited value. The soil’s environmental background values correspond with the experimental results of the two species. In order to explore the relationship between soil and birds within the food chain, we will continue to investigate heavy metal levels in digestive organs. We will also estimate soil heavy metal values within a larger resolution grid to better understand the accumulation in the two species. The results of this study could be applied to assess the ecological risk of other bird species, including endangered species, and to designate areas for priority remediation to reduce the heavy metal exposure risk of birds. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/22101 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201802551 |
全文授權: | 未授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 生物環境系統工程學系 |
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