肥料補貼政策之利用-以林口區農會為例

Abstract

肥料價格及肥料穩定供應一直是我國農政單位的主要補助項目之一，在國內農民施用肥料，每公頃化學肥料成本約佔農作生產成本5-10％，由於國際原油不斷地持續飆升，國內各項化學肥料價格也隨之調整。肥料價格上漲相對會增加農作物的生產成本，所以相對地造成農民的負擔，新北市的農民，就是藉由政府每年度的化學肥料及國產有機質肥料補助，來降低農友生產成本，提高農作物採收量，增加農民收益。 近年來，因肥料補貼政策的因素，導致國內農民普遍超量使用肥料，造成土壤的酸化，肥效的降低，所以我們在地農會也積極推動合理化施肥及輔導農民正確使用肥料，獎勵推廣農民施用有機質肥料與微生物肥料，推動友善環境農業，輔導農民朝有機耕作模式轉型發展。自民國104年1月起，農民需依身分證統一編號購買價差補貼化學肥料，推動肥料補貼作業資訊化只是初步的政策措施，面對全球氣候急遽的變遷及經費考量，這些施政都要隨著順應農民反應逐步調整，在未來可針對林口區農民對合理化施肥及政府施政意向逐步做調查。本研究以林口區農會為例，利用線性迴歸分析，來分析政府肥料補貼政策對本區農民的效益分析，資料來源由林口區農會供銷部購肥系統提供2015-2017本區會員購肥資料統計表，藉由資料分析可以看出哪些人較容易領取補貼，抑或是在領取肥料補貼大多數為那些人，可以分析出這幾年領取肥料年齡層的變化。政府在肥料政策上是期望降低農民使用農業資材成本，有效增加農民收益，也扮演著肥料商與農民之間溝通的橋樑，來平衡雙方肥料供需。在地農會也需配合政府施政推動合理化施肥及鼓勵農友朝向有機及友善環境耕作等相關措施，宣導教育農民正確施肥觀念，減少對化學肥料依賴及對環境之負擔影響，維護農田地力。

The price and stable supply of fertilizers have always been one of the major aids from the agricultural authorities. Domestically, when farmers apply fertilizers, the cost of the chemical fertilizers applied per acre is roughly 5-10% of the cost of crop productions. As the price of global oil keeps soaring continuously, the prices of each kind of chemical fertilizers are also influenced. Relatively speaking, the rising prices of fertilizers will increase the production costs of the crops, hence become a financial burdens to the farmers. With the annual subsidies for chemical fertilizers and domestic organic fertilizers, the farmers in New Taipei City successfully decrease the production costs, increase the productions of the crops, and improve the profits for them. In recent years, because of the policy on fertilizer subsidies, the farmers tend to use fertilizers excessively. Soil acidification and the decrease of fertilizer efficiencies are the eventual results. Thus, local farmer’s associations have been promoting correct and rational use of fertilization, encouraging farmers to use organic and microbial fertilizers, promoting eco-friendly agriculture, and introducing organic farming models to the farmers. From January, 2015, all farmers are obliged to show their ID cards, and they can purchase chemical fertilizers with subsidized price. The application of information technology to subsidies for fertilizers is merely the first step. With the challenges from climate changes and considerations related to funds, all these policies will be gradually amended according to the reactions from the farmers. In the future, further investigations about rational use of fertilization and administrative intentions can be conducted targeting farmers in Linkou District. Linkou Dictrict Farmer’s Association was chosen as the case in this study, and linear regression is applied to analyze the benefits for local farmers from the government policies on fertilizer subsidies. The data of the purchasing records from 2015 to 2017 are collected from the fertilizer information system governed by the supply and marketing department of Linkou District Farmer’s Association. In the analysis, one can see which groups of people are more likely to be given subsidies, or what kind of people are actually receiving the subsidies; in addition, one can also observe the changes of their age groups in these years. As for the fertilizer policies, the government expect the farmers to decrease the cost of agricultural resources, and effectively increases their incomes. Besides, the government also wishes to act as a bridge between fertilizers sellers and farmers to balance supply with demand. Local farmer’s associations should also cooperate with government policies to promote rational use of fertilization, encourage farmers to adopt organic and eco-friendly farming, teach the farmers correct ways to use fertilizers, so that the dependence upon chemical fertilizers can be reduced, the burden of the environment can be lessened, and the fertility of the farms can be preserved.