我國香蕉外銷之政策網絡分析

Abstract

本研究以我國開放香蕉自由貿易及簽訂ECFA為二研究個案，整合Rhodes之網絡分類類型及Marsh & Smith 之政策網絡辯證模式，並結合訪談，瞭解在此二研究個案中網絡互動、各行動者學習和策略、政策環境及政策結果間之交互因果關係。在個案研究中得到下列結論： 一、2005年取消產銷一元制，表面上雖係由蕉農扮演之生產者網絡發動此政策推行，惟實際係因整體大環境已有所改變，且與執政黨所主導之政策社群欲改革之方向相符，生產者網絡結合執政黨之立法委員利用國會質詢，讓此議題再藉由專業者網絡以電話訪談及問卷調查對生產者網絡意願進行分析，並終結產銷一元制。 二、為2010年簽定之ECFA，不同於產銷一元制之政策環境，其係落實馬政府競選時之政見，由議題形成初期由政策社群主導，且其他產業之政策網絡積極涉入，生產者網絡僅能結合議題網絡消極抵抗，爰在各方角力妥協下，於不符合平等互惠之前提，簽定違背WTO精神之ECFA。

This study takes the banana free trade policy and ECFA, integrates Rhodes network classification type and Marsh & Smith's policy network dialectic model, and combines the interview method to understand the network interaction and actors in the two research cases. To understand interaction and causality between learning and strategy、 policy environment and policy outcomes. The following conclusions were obtained in the case study: 1.In 2005, the designated exporter policy was abolished. On the surface, it was the banana farmers and some exporters who played as the producer network planned to change the policy, the actual situation was because of the overall environment, and the policy community led by the ruling party wanted to reform. Therefore, the producer network combined with the ruling party’s legislators to use the congressional question to analyze the willingness of the members in producer network through telephone interviews and questionnaires which executed by professional network, and to end the designated exporter policy. 2.The ECFA, signed in 2010, was different from the designated exporter policy. It was the platform of the Preisdent Ma, Ying-Jeou during the president campaign. It was dominated by the policy community at the beginning, and the policy networks of other industries were actively involved. Thus, the producer network could only be combined with the issue network to raise passive resistance. Under the compromise of all parties, regardless of the equal and mutual benefit, the ECFA that violates the spirit of the WTO was signed.