公共自行車營運商最適化站點調整模型之研究

Abstract

經濟的不景氣，使得消費者不得不對於生活支出的節省，而政府和商家紛紛採用共享經濟的創新模式，透過分享的方式，讓資源更有效率的運用，來迎合消費者的需求。不論是Airbnb、Uber，亦或是臺北市公共自行車YouBike等等，都是共享經濟的最佳範例。但是在滿足消費者需求之前，需要讓消費者能快速接觸到這些服務，並且確保其服務有一定的水準。因此站點的選擇或數量的配置與其實際能夠服務的顧客，是很重要的議題之一。 過去大部分的研究著重於站點特性分析、選址模型、運補模型，卻鮮少有人探討過度設置的租借站點需要如何來精簡，以達到節省成本又不失去其原有服務大眾的功能與便利性。本研究建構一個整數規劃的模型，在公共自行車營運商自由設定一些參數的情形下，來檢視租借站點是否應該繼續設立，以極大化能夠節省的成本。本研究亦以台北市政府交通局所提供之公開資料進行實例分析，針對部分松山區之租借站點提出調整建議，並將相關可能影響調整模型之參數進行敏感度分析討論，提供公共自行車營運商未來調整租借站點之參考。

Due to economic downturn, people have to limit their living expenditure. As a consequence, government and enterprise come out with lots of so-called sharing economy models, such as Uber, Airbnb or bike sharing system. With such systems, people can not only create value by sharing resources with others but also save their money. In order to serve the majority of the users quickly, a service provider needs to ensure that its service level is above a certain acceptable level. Accordingly, the location of the bicycle stops as well as the number of the bicycles at the stop become important issues. Over the past few years, most studies focused on location issues, operation balancing problems, or characteristic analysis of the bike sharing systems, but seldom of them probed into over-established bike sharing systems. This study intends to build an integer programming model to realign original service network by maintaining service level but lowering operating cost as much as possible. Finally, this study uses Taipei YouBike system as an example to show how to realign part of Taipei YouBike system by using the data released by Department of Transportation of Taipei City Government. This study also proposes several managerial insights for an operator of bike sharing system.