從政策議程角度看臺灣馬英九政府時期立法院通過法案之分析

Abstract

近年來我國面臨許多挑戰，如全球暖化、食安危機、環境汙染、經貿自由化、資訊科技的蓬勃發展、及高齡化與少子化等，為回應民眾需求及外在環境挑戰，政府應透過修法來進行改革，但因政府資源、時間、與注意力有限，因此一個社會問題或現象必須受到一定程度的注意與操作才有可能進入政策議程，並需要獲得眾多立法委員的集體處理才能改變相關法規。 本研究從政府注意力有限的角度出發，檢視馬政府執政期間的通過法案趨勢為何？比較第一、二任的通過法案之差異？有無明顯的選舉年效應？總統蜜月期和其他會期的差異？最後加入馬王政爭之影響。 主要發現有五項：1.整體而言，馬政府通過法案集中在法律與金融商業兩大政策領域；2.第一任相較於第二任通過之法案數較多，議程較窄，多樣性較低；3.兩次選舉年的通過法案數皆是任期內之最高峰，第一任選舉年相對第二任選舉年通過法案數較多，但議程較窄，多樣性較低；4.總統蜜月期第一任維持較第二任長，通過法案數也較多，議程較廣，多樣性較高；5.馬王政爭後，通過法案所涉及的政策領域較寬，多樣性較高，但涉及的政策領域不完全是馬政府的施政意志。 關鍵字:馬政府、議程設定、注意力有限、多樣性指標、馬王政爭

In recent years, We have faced many challenges, such as global warming, food safety crisis, environmental pollution, economic and trade liberalization, the development of information technology, and aging society with fewer children. In response to the needs of the people and external environmental challenges, the government should reform through amending the law. Due to the limit of the government resources, time, and attention, Therefore, a social problem or phenomenon must be subject to a certain degree of attention before it can enter the policy agenda, and it also requires the collective treatment of many legislators to change the relevant regulations. From the perspective of limited government attention, this study examines the trend of the passing of the bill during the period of the Ma administration. What is the difference between the first and second passed? Is there a clear election year effect? What is the difference between the president's honeymoon period and other sessions? Finally, I added the influence of Ma Wang’s political struggle. There are five main findings: 1. Overall, the Ma administration passed the bill to focus on two major policy areas: law and financial business. 2. The number of bills passed by the first term is higher than that of the second term. The agenda is narrower and the diversity is lower. 3. The number of bills passed in the two election years is the highest in the term of office. The first election year has more bills than the second election year, but the agenda is narrower and the diversity is lower. 4. The first term of the president's honeymoon period is maintained longer than the second one, the number of bills passed is also larger, the agenda is wider, and the diversity is higher. 5. After the Ma Wang’s political struggle, the policy areas involved in the passage of the bill were broader and more diverse, but the policy areas involved were not entirely the will of the Ma administration.

Keywords: Ma administration, agenda setting, the limit of attention, diversity measurement, Ma Wang’s political struggle