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標題: | 「再造歷史現場」:1895年南臺灣火燒庄戰役 Reconstruction of Historical Scenes: The Battle of Huoshaozhuang of Southern Taiwan in 1895 |
作者: | Hsin-Yi Tai 戴心儀 |
指導教授: | 李文良(Wen-Liang Lee) |
關鍵字: | 乙未戰役,客家,六堆,歷史地圖,地理資訊系統,數位人文, Yi-Wei War,Hakka,Liudui,Historical Maps,Geographic Information System,Digital Humanities, |
出版年 : | 2021 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 本研究旨在復原1895年「全臺抗日最後一戰」的火燒庄戰役之經過。此戰役係由南臺灣的六堆客家人運用其軍事動員力量,試圖阻絕日軍因甲午戰爭戰勝、馬關條約簽訂後而展開對臺灣之接收,因此於此年年底爆發一場以今屏東縣長治鄉長興村(舊名火燒庄,屬前堆聚落)為中心的戰役。 直至今日,長治鄉民眾仍以許多不同形式紀念與傳頌這段歷史,如戲劇表演、文化祭典、建立「六堆客家聯軍抗日紀念公園」等,2017年當地民眾更爭取行政院客家委員會的支持,欲將紀念公園改建為文物館。此外,最值得矚目的是,2019年通過「屏東縣長治鄉火燒庄保家衛台紀念日自治條例」,更為全台創舉。足見當地人傳揚火燒庄戰役歷史及參與烈士英勇精神之努力。 惟,各種形式的紀念活動、歷史展示,都必須奠基在詳實的歷史研究之上。關於火燒庄戰役,日軍留有戰役後隨即製成的《南征枝隊戰鬥詳報》。其中的戰鬥地圖更詳載火燒庄附近的地景、聚落等防禦景觀,以及敵我雙方的戰略布局與進退動線。本研究以此史料為核心,運用地理資訊系統(GIS)製成各時段的戰爭地圖,具體在空間上呈現戰爭過程,藉此貼近乙未年六堆地方社會之樣貌,也共情理解戰爭迫近的抉擇。 透過上述史料的解讀並配合數位人文工具的運用,我們能重建戰役過程,並賦予此戰役過程合理的地理空間,同時也能考察六堆客家民團的武裝實力。本研究認為火燒庄戰役是前堆客民的家園保衛戰,最終雖不敵日軍,但客民以其靈活的作戰能力、火器運用,並以其聚落周圍設下的多重防禦結構作為屏障,也帶給日軍極大的震撼。本研究也將說明,火燒庄民的作戰條件,無疑是自清康熙年間以來,長期面對競爭環境所形成的適應策略。 The purpose of the research was to reconstruct the historical process of the Battle of Huoshaozhuang in 1895, the 'Last Anti-Japanese War in Taiwan.' In this battle, the Liudui Hakkas in southern Taiwan used their military mobilization forces to prevent the Japanese army from taking over Taiwan after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the signing of The Treaty of Shimonoseki. Therefore, there was an outbreak of the battle centered on Changsing Village (formerly known as Huoshaozhuang, belonging to the Qiandui settlement), Changjhih Township, Pingtung County at the end of that year. Up to now, the people of Changjhih Township have commemorated this historic event in many different ways, such as dramatic performances, cultural ceremonies, and building a park named 'Liudui Hakka Allied Forces Anti-Japanese Memorial Park.' In 2017, the local people even tried to win support from the Council for Hakka Affairs, Executive Yuan, for converting the memorial park into a cultural artifacts exhibition hall. Besides, what was most noteworthy was Changjhih Township Office passed the autonomous regulation, 'Autonomous Regulations on Memorial Day of Huoshaozhuang, Changjhih Township, Pingtung County,' in 2019, which was an initiative movement across Taiwan. It showed that the locals' efforts of spreading the history of the Huoshaozhuang battle and the heroic spirit of the Liudui militiamen. However, various forms of commemorative activities and historical displays must be based on detailed historical research. Concerning the battle of Huoshaozhuang, the Japanese army preserved the 'Detailed Report on the Battle of the Nanzengzhidui,' which was compiled just after the battle. Battle maps in the report contained more details about the landscape near the Huoshaozhuang, the settlement's defensive landscape, and the strategic layout and lines of advance and retreat between both sides. This research used this historical data as the core. Furthermore, it took advantage of Geographic Information System (GIS) to make battle maps for various periods, explicitly presenting the combat process in space. In this way, we could get close to the Liudui society in 1895 and empathize with the situation of battle. By interpreting the above-mentioned historical material and using digital humanistic tools, we could reconstruct the battle and give it a reasonable geographical space. At the same time, we could examine the armed strength of Liudui Hakka militias. This research held that the Huoshaozhuang Battle was a battle in which the Hakka people in Qiandui tried to defend their homeland. Although the Japanese army ultimately defeated them, the Hakka people made the best of their flexible combat capacity, firearms, and the multiple defensive structures set up around their settlements as barriers to shock the Japanese army hugely. This research also showed that Huoshaozhuang's villagers' combat conditions were undoubtedly an adaptive strategy that had been formed in the face of the competitive environment for a long time since the Kangxi Reign in the Qing Dynasty. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/21687 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202100039 |
全文授權: | 未授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 歷史學系 |
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