區塊鏈之食品履歷應用探討與改善

Abstract

報章媒體近兩年最火紅的關鍵字莫過於區塊鏈，從比特幣(Bitcoin)技術開始，區塊鏈漸漸受到關注，許多產業宣稱已將區塊鏈運用於實際應用中，縱然區塊鏈具有許多特性及優點，然而仔細深入探討，將發現產業應用中仍有許多地方保有改善的空間。 在眾多產業中，日常生活中最常接觸之食品產業也有相關之區塊鏈公司著手進行應用，台灣在過去幾年中，能夠點出許多食品安全問題之事件，在事件發生後，政府、媒體、消費者對於投機之廠商皆有採取彌補與處罰之措施，然而往往時間一過，民眾卻忘記惡質廠商所帶來的傷害，以及許多食品吃下去後，需要長時間之身體代謝，甚至是不可逆的健康影響。 在此情況下，區塊鏈公司看準區塊鏈之性質，試圖套用於食品產業當中，建立食品履歷並將資料放入區塊鏈內，傳達消費者其合作之廠商所提供的食品是安全的，然而該應用卻未解決現有食品產業之安全問題，以及最根本之「人」的問題，因為人的自利與投機行為，將會因為企圖牟利而將成本轉嫁於消費者身上，食品履歷最大困難處在於無法確定該資料的正確性，也許在建立資料時即被人為的操作所影響，導致若是一開始的資料是錯誤或不實的，食品履歷提供消費者安心的意義與價值即消失。 本研究以價值創造循環（Value Creation Cycle），重新拆解現有商業模式架構，並且在現有模式中加入「第三方組織」對食品供應商做安全檢驗的相關作業，以此建立食品安全聯盟的概念，確立食品供應商所提供之資料正確性與否，最終再由區塊鏈公司製作食品履歷，新型商業模式將降低人為疏失或投機的可能性，為台灣創造安全的食品環境。

Due to the rising popularity of the block chain, we could read the relevant article about it through the newspapers or social media. Block chain has both the advantages and disadvantages. Many companies in different industries declared that they have already put the concept of block chain into their practical application. However, by looking into the industries deeply, we could find that there is still room for improvement in certain field. In our daily lives, the most relevant for us is nothing but “food industry”. Also, some companies in food industry have put the concept of block chain into application. It is well-known as “food traceability”. Over past few years, a series of scandals have emerged as a serious food safety problem in Taiwan. A lot of adulterated food were sold widely around Taiwan, and some may have been consumed. Under this circumstances, the block chain company tried to combine both the block chain and food traceability, hoping to create a safety food environment for consumers. However, the basic driver of the motivation to produce adulterated food is “humanity”. People always try to maximize their own profits, and add the external costs on others. As a result, the combination failed to solve the basic problem in food industry. The contents in food traceability may be fake. As a result, this research uses the “Value Creation Cycle”, adding a third party organization into the existing business model. This third party organization is created by both the block chain company and food suppliers. It devotes to verify the validity and accuracy of the data, which is provided by food suppliers. By modifying the existing system cycle, we could look forward to having a better and safer food industry in Taiwan.