如何呈現歷史人物的動機─以鄭成功教材研發為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探究歷史教學中如何呈現歷史人物的動機，並研發出一份教材。臺灣早年歷史人物之教學，受傳統中國史學影響，要「教忠教孝」，並希望培養學生的正向人格，如愛國心等等，有強烈的現實政治目的。但近年來，臺灣受英國歷史教育改革之影響，對歷史人物之教學朝向「理解人」的教學觀點，亦注重歷史概念之運用。本研究中的教材便是要回應新的教學趨勢，以「鄭成功為何要反清？」為題，希望藉由此教材能讓學生在課堂中學到證據推論和瞭解原因的複雜性，這些也能應對到歷史概念中的「證據概念」和「因果概念」。本研究結合了研究成果和教材之研發，是一種新的研究嘗試，而教材之研發仍有待更多人的投入，才能使歷史教育更臻完善。

The purpose of this study is to inquiry how to feature historical figures' motivations in history teaching, and to develop an instructional material. The teaching of Taiwan's early historical figures, influenced by traditional Chinese historiography, requires 'teaching loyalty and filial piety' and hopes to cultivate students' positive personality, such as patriotism, and so on, with strong realistic political goals. However, in recent years, Taiwan has been influenced by the reform of British historical education, and the teaching of historical figures towards 'understanding people' also pays attention to the application of historical concepts. The instructional material in this study is to respond to the new teaching trends. With the title 'Why does Koxinga want to resist Qing dynasty?', I hope that this instructional material will enable students to learn evidence inference and understand the complexity of the reasons in the classroom, and respond to the 'concept of evidence' and ' concept of causality' in historical concepts. This study combines the research results and the development of instructional material, it is a new study attempt, and the development of instructional material still needs more people's input, to make history education more perfect.