援助、制度與經濟發展——以中國對非援助為例

Abstract

經濟合作與發展組織（OECD）發展援助委員（DAC）成員國一直被視為世界發展項目的主要參與者。然而，過去二十年來，國際經濟發展格局發生了巨大變化。隨著中國、印度和泰國、伊朗等發展中國家的崛起，我們看到非DAC國家在全球援助項目中發揮著越來越重要的作用，挑戰著DAC援助國的主導地位。然而，以中國為代表的「新興援助國」，因秉持與DAC援助國不同的援助理念和政策，也引來很多批評的聲音。但是，由於各種缺乏數據等原因，過去的研究往往只將研究對象鎖定在DAC國家，對於中國等非DAC國家的援助成效性缺乏全面客觀的分析，而這在非傳統援助國日益龐大投入到對外援助的大背景下，已經顯得不太合適。因此，本文以中國對非援助為研究對象，通過個案分析和定量分析的方式，來瞭解中國對非援助的政策與理念的變遷，以及其對非洲國家經濟發展與制度變遷所帶來的影響。本文認為中國的援助可以為非洲國家帶來發展所需的基礎設施，但是由於缺乏相應機制確保項目在啟動前進行充分的成本效益評估以及對於非洲國家債務可持續性的評估，因此中國的援助是存在風險的。在制度方面，本文發現中國的援助并沒有如外界所預期的那樣給非洲國家的制度改革帶來負面的影響，而DAC國家則對非洲國家的制度改革有正向的影響。

The members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have long been regarded as major players in world development projects. However, the international economic development landscape has changed dramatically over the past two decades. With the rise of developing countries such as China, India, Thailand and Iran, non-DAC countries come to perform an increasingly significant role in the global aid project. The rise of non-DAC countries with different aid philosophy, policies and strategies from DAC donors challenges the dominance of DAC donors and also raises coordination and cooperation problems, which leaves the academics a new controversial topic: how aid effectiveness is and will be under the rising of non-DAC countries. However, due to the lack of reliable aid data about non-DAC countries, most of previous studies about aid effectiveness only focused on DAC countries. But in the view of the huge amount donated by non-DAC countries now, such as Chinese aid in Africa, the role of non-DAC countries need to be taken into consideration, in order to achieve comprehensive and objective evaluation of aid effectiveness. Therefore, this paper takes the Chinese foreign aid to Africa as the example , through the way of case study and quantitative analysis, to study the impact of China's foreign aid on the economic development and institution reforms of the African countries and to analyze whether China's aid is the prosperity or nightmares for the African people.