大學學生活動中心之生命週期成本分析－以國立臺灣大學第一、第二學生活動中心為例

Abstract

過度著重設計施工階段之建物機能、成本、美觀、施工進度及品質等議題，忽略後續營運維護成本之經濟性需求，將導致維護修繕費用不足，加速校園建築劣化；因此，藉由瞭解現行校園建築生命週期成本狀況，探討提出兼顧使用需求及成本效益的維護管理策略，為當前重要之課題。 本研究透過國立臺灣大學第一、第二學生活動中心案例歷史資料統計分析，輔以專家訪談及現地調查之方式，歸納出學生活動中心具有多元及開放的使用特性，因此，在規劃設計及營運維護均應重視需求改變所產生之修繕費用；由於學生活動中心有人潮聚集之特性，亦應注意交通位置及疏散動線規劃。 研究結果學生活動中心之生命週期成本中，營運維護成本超過60%，佔有重要比例，而能源費用佔全生命週期成本約25%，應考慮採用節能設備。修繕高峰期約發生在屋齡20年左右，接續10年修繕平緩期結束後，至屋齡30年時又將進入第二波修繕高峰。 本研究建議將設備之供應、安裝及使用年限期間之全責維護併同辦理採購，並應依據設施設備使用年限規劃改良維護策略；此外，本研究分析發現學生活動中心修繕關鍵項目為建築裝修、電氣、冷凍空調及給排水四大項，建議在規劃設計階段應檢核設計功能及材質選用是否適當，在施工階段應針對施工品質加強考核，在營運維護階段應落實維護保養並加強檢核機制，以回饋至生命週期各階段之成本管理。

Too much emphasis is put on function, cost, facade, process, and quality during scheming and construction, while little attention is paid to the upkeep after operation, the campus buildings may be in poor condition due to inadequate maintenance budget. Therefore, it is an important issue to find out the maintenance and management strategies that take into account both the user needs and cost-effectiveness by analyzing the life cycle cost of campus buildings. This study is based on case studies of the NTU. Through the collection and analysis of historical data, interviews with experts and field investigations, the study indicates that student activity center has more diversities in space volume disposition, and attention should be paid to the maintenance cost resulting from changes in demand. Because of the crowd gathered, location and evacuation should be considered. This study demonstrates that operation and maintenance cost has accounted for over 60% of the total life cycle cost, and energy cost has accounted for about 25% of the total life cycle cost, the use of energy-saving equipment might be a solution. This study also shows that the peak period of maintenance cost is at about 20 years old, and the next peak period is at 30 years. This study suggests to consolidate the procurement of supply, installation, and maintenance within the period of service life into a contract for tendering, and to develop strategies of corrective maintenance in accordance with the facilities and equipments service life. Furthermore, according to the analysis of repairing items, the study provides certain strategies for planning devise, construction and operational maintenance, as a reference for life cycle cost management.