臺灣民眾對公警軍三類人員政治信任變遷之研究～以2001年至2014年四波調查分析為例

Abstract

民眾對公務人員、警察人員及軍人的形象認知，有一部分是來自於與其直接接觸的經驗，另一部分是透過閱聽媒體報導所獲得的間接經驗。歷經三次政權和平轉移後，我國進入民主鞏固期後，公務人員、警察人員及軍人的角色也必需重新定位。本論文運用「東亞民主研究計畫」(East Asia Barometer, EAB)對我國民眾的四波調查資料，擷取其中與本論文相關的部分題目，進行描述性統計與二元勝算模型，分析我國民眾在2001年至2014年間，對公警軍三類人員政治信任的歷時性變遷情形，研究發現：（一）我國民眾對公務人員與軍人的政治信任度逐年下降，但對警察人員的政治信任度則是逐步上升；（二）年長或支持執政黨的民眾傾向較信任公務人員；年長、教育程度低、社會階層高或政黨傾向屬泛藍的民眾傾向較信任警察人員；年長、教育程度低、政黨傾向屬泛藍者傾向較信任軍人；（三）民眾對公軍警三類人員的評價是依據對其績效是否感到滿意，而與當下執政黨屬何政黨較無關聯。

The public images of civil servants, policemen, and military personnel come from the direct contacts, and the indirect experiences from the media. Three peaceful and successful alterations of political power indicate that Taiwan has entered into a phase of democratic consolidation. Therefore, the roles of civil servants, policemen, and military personnel should be repositioned. Four stage surveys of East Asia Democratic Studies were applied in this thesis to analyze a change in political trust in civil servants, policemen, and military personnel in Taiwan from 2001 to 2014. Based on descriptive statistics and binary logit model, there are three major findings. First, political trust in civil servants and military personnel decreases gradually, while increasing in policemen. Second, civil servants are more trusted by senior citizens, or citizens who support the ruling party. In addition, policemen are more trusted by citizens with older age, lower level of education, high social status, or political tendencies in Pan-blue camp. As for military personnel, they gain more trust from citizens with older age, lower level of education, or political tendencies in Pan-blue camp. Finally, the evaluations of civil servants, policemen, and military personnel are based on whether citizens are satisfied with their performance but are less relevant to which party are in power.